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school 2018 > Growth and Motor > Flashcards

Growth and Motor Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Components of Development:

A
  • The Social
  • The Motor
  • The Sensory
  • The Cognitive and Emotional
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2
Q

Characteristics of Development:

A
  • It is a continuous process of change in functional capacity
  • There is an order in which change occurs
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3
Q

Motor Control is

A

The study of neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement

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4
Q

Universality

A
  • Follows a predictable pattern and timeline
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5
Q

Involves observations of a group or individual over an extensive period of time on numerous occasions

A

Longitudinal

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6
Q

A study that involves observing various groups at one point in time

A

Cross-sectional

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7
Q

A study that involves observing different groups over a short period of time

A

Mixed-Longitudinal

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8
Q

Why do we conduct research?

A
  • Provide and develop mental appropriate activities
  • Provide enough challenge to encourage change
  • Help build foundation for later skill development
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9
Q

Maturation Perspective

A
  • Environment is largely influential to development

- Basic motor skills will automatically develop

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10
Q

“An individual constraint or system that holds back or slows the emergence of a motor skill”

A

Rate Limiter

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11
Q

“An object that when seen by an individual allows them to directly perceive the function that the object allows based on individual size”

A

Affordance

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12
Q

Body Scaling example for young children

A

Smaller Basketball and shorter nets

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13
Q

a) Having to dribble in order to move in basketball

b) Having to wear football gear, which limits movement

A

Task Constraint

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14
Q

“An object’s resistance to motion and is related to the mass of the object”

A

Inertia

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15
Q

What should be developed first, stability or mobility in infants?

A

Stability

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16
Q

Typical Motor Development

A
  • Follows a predictable pattern
  • Includes variation which increases as time goes on
  • Follows a predictable timeline
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17
Q

Correct Ways for Development to occur

A
  • Proximal to Distal
  • Stability to Mobility
  • Gross to Fine Movements
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18
Q

“Involuntary Movement response to a specific stimulus that occurs only during infancy”

A

Infantile Reflexes

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19
Q

Reflexes

A
  • Facilitates survival
  • Building block for future movements
  • Lead to sensory consequences or feedback from their own body
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20
Q

a) Rooting - searches for food when poked in the cheek
b) Grasping - when object is placed in hand
These are examples of:

A

Primitive Reflex for infants

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21
Q

Postural reactions/reflexes

A
  • Develop with movement experience and are relatively permanent
  • Are automatic
  • Required for more complex movements like learning to walk
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22
Q

Most infantile reflexes stop occurring at:

A

Birth to 4-5 months

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23
Q

Infants reach sitting stage 1 at

A

4 months

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24
Q

Motor milestone during the 5th month of infancy in the supine position:

A

Can bring feet behind head

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25
At ___ months, Head Lag disappear when the child is pulled up to sit at
5 months
26
Motor milestone during 6th month of infancy in the prone position:
- Extends arms to reach for toys - Swimming movements (superman's) to strengthen back muscles - Beginning equilibrium reactions by shifting their weight
27
Motor milestone during 7th month of infancy in sitting position
- Can freely play while sitting - Can sit up on their own - Can rotate trunk - Can recover balance to a degree when tipping over
28
Motor milestone during 5th month of infancy in sitting position:
Attempts to sit without hands through scapular adduction
29
Stage 2 sitting, improved trunk control
6 months
30
Motor skill developed during 7th month infancy
Quadruped: on all 4's
31
Stage 3 sitting, equilibrium reactions are present and stable
8 months
32
- To compensate for still developing abdominal's - Allow the infant to learn the limits of their stability before they fall - Abducted lower extremities to increase stability
Quadruped Position
33
8th month of infancy motor skills
- Cruising | - Kneeling
34
9th month of infancy in sitting position
- Sitting should be a functional position, easy access to environment - Assists in the development of cognitive motor skills - Assists in the development of fine motor skills
35
Motor milestone @ 12th month of infancy
Onset of walking
36
Predictable change in individual constraints:
- Maturation of CNS - Muscular strength and endurance - Posture and balance - Sensory processing
37
Skilled movers can move in _____.
- More than 1 way - More than 1 place - More primitive movements (revert) when working on other skills
38
Locomotion
- Defined by the at of moving from place to place | - is a complex activity that involves many interacting systems and constraints
39
Children can walk sideways and backwards at:
15-18 months
40
Children develop advanced walking patterns at:
2-3 years old
41
Children's walking pattern can be noticeably improved until:
5 years old
42
Older adults reduce the amount they walk because:
Fear of falling
43
Development of movement abilities
Motor Development
44
Relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability which is associated with practice or experience
Motor Learning
45
Quantitative increase in size/magnitude
Physical Growth
46
Progress toward physical maturity, state of optimal functional integration of an individual's body systems and ability to reproduce
Maturation
47
Progress of growing older regardless of chronological age
Aging
48
things organically happen so we can't break them down
Organismic
49
Understand the world by breaking it into parts and seeing it like a machine
Mechanistic
50
Genetics and heredity are primarily responsible for motor development and the environment has little effect
Maturationist Perspective
51
Maturationist equals
organismic
52
Ecological equals
Contextual
53
Labyrinthine righting
when infant tilts torso to the side of the head and remains upright
54
Pull-Up
Hold baby's hands and pull them up, they will flex arms as if they were pulling themselves up
55
Parachute
sticks arm out to catch themselves when they are falling out of sitting position
56
Head Erect
@ 6 weeks
57
Sit
@ 6-7 months
58
Stand
@ 6-12 months
59
Walking
@ 10-15 months or 9-18 months
60
Creeping
moving on hands and knees
61
Crawling
moving on hands and stomach
62
Walking
50% phasing relationship between the legs as well as a period of double support followed by a period of single support

school 2018 (9 decks)

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