Intro to Clinical Anatomy Flashcards
Epiphyseal Plates
You stop growing when it is sealed
Joints
is an articulation, or the plane of union or junction between two or more rigid components (bones, cartilage)
Syndesmosis
unites bones with sheet of fibrous tissue either a ligament of fibrous membrane
Gomphosis
type of fibrous joint in which a peg-like fibrous process stabilizes a tooth. Also provides proprioceptive info (how hard we chew, or clench teeth)
Synovial Joints
potential space that contains a small amount of synovial fluid (most common type of joint)
Atlanto-axial Joint
type of synovial joint. Pivot joint; rounded process of bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket, allowing rotation
Atlas
right under our skull (C1)
Axis
C2
Acromioclavicular Joint
type of synovial joint. Plane joints; allows gliding or sliding movements
Hip joint
Synovial joint. Ball and socket joint; (multiaxial) rounded head fits into a concavity, allowing movement on several axis)
Elbow Joint
Synovial. Hinge joint; allows flexion and extension only
Carpometacarpal Joint
Synovial. Saddle; biaxial, saddle-shaped and allows movement in 2 different planes
Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Synovial. Condyloid; biaxial, allows flextion and extension, abduction and adduction and circumduction
Skeletal Muscle
moves bones and other structures (the eyes)
Cardiac Striated Muscles
forms most of the walls of the heart and adjacent parts of the great vessels
Smooth Muscle
forms part of the walls of most vessels and hollow organs. Moves substances through viscera such as intestine, and controls movement through blood vessels
Skeletal Muscle
Static Support, provide heat, allow movement
Pennate Muscles
feather-like in the arrangement of their fascicles
Fusiform Muscles
spindle shaped
Parallel Muscles
fascicles lie parallel to long axis of muscle
Convergent Muscles
have a broad attachment from which the fascicles coverage to a single tendon
Circular Muscles
surround a body opening or orifice, constricting it when contracted
Digastric Muscles
features two bellies in series, sharing a common intermediate tendon
Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Shorten to 70% of resting length
Muscle Power
increases as the total number of muscle cells increases
Reflexive Contraction
automatic and voluntary controlled
Tonic Contraction
slight contraction (muscle tone) that does not produce movement or active resistance but gives muscle firmness
Phasic Contraction
Isometric - muscle length remains the same - no movement occurs but muscle tension is increased
Isotonic - muscle changes length to produce movement
Isotonic Contraction
Concentric - movement occurs due to muscle shortening
Eccentric - progressive relaxation of a contracted muscle
Motor Unit
consists of a single motor neuron and all muscle fibers innervated by it
Muscle Fiber
structural unit of a muscle
Endoymysium
connective tissue covering individual muscle fibers
Perimysium
covers a group of fibers
Epimysium
entire muscle is covered