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school 2018 > Intro to Clinical Anatomy > Flashcards

Intro to Clinical Anatomy Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Epiphyseal Plates

A

You stop growing when it is sealed

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2
Q

Joints

A

is an articulation, or the plane of union or junction between two or more rigid components (bones, cartilage)

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3
Q

Syndesmosis

A

unites bones with sheet of fibrous tissue either a ligament of fibrous membrane

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4
Q

Gomphosis

A

type of fibrous joint in which a peg-like fibrous process stabilizes a tooth. Also provides proprioceptive info (how hard we chew, or clench teeth)

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5
Q

Synovial Joints

A

potential space that contains a small amount of synovial fluid (most common type of joint)

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6
Q

Atlanto-axial Joint

A

type of synovial joint. Pivot joint; rounded process of bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket, allowing rotation

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7
Q

Atlas

A

right under our skull (C1)

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8
Q

Axis

A

C2

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9
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

A

type of synovial joint. Plane joints; allows gliding or sliding movements

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10
Q

Hip joint

A

Synovial joint. Ball and socket joint; (multiaxial) rounded head fits into a concavity, allowing movement on several axis)

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11
Q

Elbow Joint

A

Synovial. Hinge joint; allows flexion and extension only

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12
Q

Carpometacarpal Joint

A

Synovial. Saddle; biaxial, saddle-shaped and allows movement in 2 different planes

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13
Q

Metacarpophalangeal Joint

A

Synovial. Condyloid; biaxial, allows flextion and extension, abduction and adduction and circumduction

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14
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

moves bones and other structures (the eyes)

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15
Q

Cardiac Striated Muscles

A

forms most of the walls of the heart and adjacent parts of the great vessels

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16
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

forms part of the walls of most vessels and hollow organs. Moves substances through viscera such as intestine, and controls movement through blood vessels

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17
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Static Support, provide heat, allow movement

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18
Q

Pennate Muscles

A

feather-like in the arrangement of their fascicles

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19
Q

Fusiform Muscles

A

spindle shaped

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20
Q

Parallel Muscles

A

fascicles lie parallel to long axis of muscle

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21
Q

Convergent Muscles

A

have a broad attachment from which the fascicles coverage to a single tendon

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22
Q

Circular Muscles

A

surround a body opening or orifice, constricting it when contracted

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23
Q

Digastric Muscles

A

features two bellies in series, sharing a common intermediate tendon

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24
Q

Skeletal Muscle Contraction

A

Shorten to 70% of resting length

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25
Muscle Power
increases as the total number of muscle cells increases
26
Reflexive Contraction
automatic and voluntary controlled
27
Tonic Contraction
slight contraction (muscle tone) that does not produce movement or active resistance but gives muscle firmness
28
Phasic Contraction
Isometric - muscle length remains the same - no movement occurs but muscle tension is increased Isotonic - muscle changes length to produce movement
29
Isotonic Contraction
Concentric - movement occurs due to muscle shortening | Eccentric - progressive relaxation of a contracted muscle
30
Motor Unit
consists of a single motor neuron and all muscle fibers innervated by it
31
Muscle Fiber
structural unit of a muscle
32
Endoymysium
connective tissue covering individual muscle fibers
33
Perimysium
covers a group of fibers
34
Epimysium
entire muscle is covered
35
Prime Mover (agonist)
main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement of the body
36
Fixators
steady the proximal parts of a limb while movements are occurring in distal parts
37
Synergist
complements the action of prime movers
38
Antagonist
muscle that opposes the action of a prime mover
39
Central Nervous System
Made up of brain and spinal cord
40
Peripheral nervous system
nerve fibers and cell bodies
41
Somatic Nervous System
voluntary nervous system, which carries sensation
42
Autonomic Nervous System
involuntary/visceral nervous system - supplies smooth muscle, viscera, and body cavities
43
Autonomic Nervous System
sympathetic - catabolic (prep body for fight or flight) | paraympathetic - anabolic (normal function & conserve energy)
44
Grey Matter
nerve cell bodies
45
White matter
interconnecting fiber tract systems
46
Spinal Cord 3 membranous layers
Deep to Superficial: pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater, collectively known as meninges
47
Meninges and CSF
protect CNS
48
CSF
located between the pia and arachnoid mater
49
Thoracic wall consists of...
skin, fascia, nerves, vessels, muscles, cartilages, and bones
50
Ribs
curved, flat bones. Each contains bone marrow (forms blood cells)
51
3 types of Ribs
1. True (vertebrosternal) ribs (1st to 7th ribs): attach directly to the sternum anteriorly through their own costal cartilage 2. False (vertebrochondral) ribs (8-10) have cartilage on anterior ends that are joined to the cartilage of the rib just superior to them 3. Floating (free) ribs (11th and 12th ribs) do not connect with the sternum, instead end in the posterior abdominal musculature
52
Typical ribs (3rd - 9th)
head: wedge-shaped and 2 facets separated by crest of head Neck: connects the head with the body (shaft) at the level of the tubercle Tubercle: has a smooth articular part for articulating with corresponding transverse process of vertebra Body (shaft): is thin, flat and curved along its length, inferior edge is costal groove; protects intercostal nerve and vessels
53
Atypical Ribs (1st, 2nd, and 10-12)
1st rib is broad: 1 facet on head shortest and most sharply curved, has scalene tubercle 2nd rib: thinner and more typical, except for the formations for attachment of serratus anterior and posterior scalene muscles (also double length of 1st rib) 10-12 ribs: only 1 facet on head 11-12 ribs: short have no necks or tubercles
54
Thoracic Vertebrae
typical vertebrae; independent and have bodies, vertebral arches, and seven processes for muscular and articular connections
55
Demifacets
Bilateral superior and inferior costal facets (demifacets)
56
Thoracic Vertebrae characteristics
- costal facets on their transverse processes for articulation with the tubercles of ribs - long inferiorly slanting spinous processes that overlap the IV disc and vertebra below
57
Sternum
is flat, vertically elongated bone that forms the middle of the anterior part of the thoracic cage
58
Manubrium
superior part of sternum - roughly trapezoidal bone that lies at the level of the bodies of T3 and T4 vertebrae
59
Jugular Notch
thick superior border or manubrium
60
Clavicular Notch
on each side of manubrium - articulates with sternal end of clavicle
61
External Intercostal Internal Intercostal Innermost intercostal
SA: Inferior border of ribs IA: Superior border of ribs below Nerve: intercostal nerve Action: elevate ribs
62
Transversus Thoracis
SA: Posterior surface of lower sternum IA: internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6 Nerve: Intercostal nerve Action: depress ribs
63
Subcostal
SA: internal surface of lower ribs near their angles IA: superior borders of 2nd or 3rd ribs
64
Levatores Costarum
SA: Transverse Processes of T7-T11 IA: subjacent ribs between tubercle and angle nerve: post rami of C8-T11 Action: elevates ribs
65
Serratus posterior superior
Sa: nuchal ligament IA: superior borders of 2nd-4th ribs Nerves: 2nd-5th intercostal nerves Actions: elevate ribs
66
Serratus posterior inferior
SA: inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs IA: spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae nerve: intercostal, subcostal Action: depress ribs
67
Mediastinum
central compartment of thoracic cavity | diaphragm posterior mediastinum
68
Tendinous Intersections
forms abs
69
External Oblique
superficial muscle
70
Internal Oblique
the intermediate muscle
71
Transverse Abdominis
Innermost muscle; fibers run horizontally
72
Rectus Abdominis
long, borad, strap-like muscle that is mostly enclosed in the rectus sheath
73
Pyramidalis
small triangular muscle that lies in the rectus sheath
74
Diaphragm
dome-shaped, separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities
75
Sternal Part of Diaphragm
consists of 2 muscular slips that attach to the posterior aspect of the xiphoid process of the sternum
76
Costal Part of Diaphragm
consts of wide muscular slips that attach to the internal surfaces of the inferior six costal cartilages and their adjoining ribs on each side
77
Lumbar part of Diaphragm
arising from 2 aponeurotic arches
78
Posterior Abdominal Wall composed of
- 5 lumbar vertebrae and IV discs - post. ab wall muscles: psoas, quadratus lumborum, iliacus, transvers abdominis, and internal and external oblique muscles - lumbar plexus - fascia - diaphragm - fat, nerves, vessels
79
Psoas Major
SA: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae IA: strong tendon to lesser trochanter of femur Nerve: lumbar plexus Action: flexes thigh
80
Iliacus
SA: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum IA: lesser trochanter of femur nerve: femoral nerve Action: flexes thigh and stabilize hip joint
81
Quadratus Lumborum
SA: Medial half of inferior border of 12th rib IA: Iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest Nerve: anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves Action: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column
82
Obturator Nerve (L2-L4):
emerges from the medial border of the psoas major and passes through the pelvis to the medial thigh, supplies adductor muscles
83
Femoral Nerve (L2-L4):
emerges from lateral border of psoas major and innervates iliacus, supply the flexors of the hip and extensors of knee
84
Lumbosacral Trunk (L4-L5):
passes over the ala (wing) of sacrum and descends into pelvis to participate formation of sacral plexus
85
Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater - list superficial to deep
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

school 2018 (9 decks)

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