Growth, Development and Behavior Flashcards
The neonatal period begins at birth and include the _____.
1st mo. of life
Mothers whose early childhood wee marked by _____ may find it especially difficult to provide consistent, responsive care
traumatic separations
abuse
neglect
Prenatal Risk Factors for Attachment
recent death of a loved one previous loss of or serious illness of another child prior removal of a child depression or serious mental illness infertility or pregnancy loss troubled relationship with parents financial stress or job loss marital discord or poor relationship with other parent recent move or no community ties no friends or social network unwanted pregnancy no good parenting model experience of poor parenting drug and/or alcohol abuse extreme immaturity
Returning to work should be delayed for at least _____ by which time feeding and basic behavioral adjustments have been established.
6 weeks
A _____ is a woman trained to offer friendly support and encouragement during labor whose presence results in shorter labor, fewer obstetric complications and reduced postpartum hospital days
doula
Postpartum depression may occur in the first _____ after delivery.
1 week - 6 mos.
Early skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth may correlate with an increased rate and longer duration of _____.
breastfeeding
Anthropometrics:
weight at birth
- 4 kg
7. 5 lbs
Anthropometrics:
length at birth
50 cm
20 in
Anthropometrics:
head circumference at birth
35 cm
14 in
Neonates are near-sighted with a focal length of _____, approximately the distance between the breast and the mother’s face.
8-12 in
A newborn’s hearing is well developed and there is preference for a _____.
female voice
Newborns have a visual preference for _____.
faces
Overaroused infants show signs of _____.
autonomic instability
6 Behavioral States of an Infant
quiet sleep active sleep drowsy alert fussy crying
The newborn’s first office visit should occur during the first _____.
2 weeks after discharge
For newborns who were discharged early, are breastfeeding and are at risk for jaundice, follow-up should be done _____.
1-3 days after discharge
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Gross Motor
prone: arms and legs flexed, pelvis high ventral suspension: head held below body supine: arms/legs semi-flexed pull to sit: complete head lag held upright: legs extended
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Fine Motor
grasp reflex
drop object immediately
hands remain fisted
sweeping movements towards object
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Language
Expressive: crying, whimpering
Receptive: startledby loud sound
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Personal-Social
gazes at faces, colored objects and bright lights
Physiologic Weight Loss
↓10% BW in the 1st week
*excretion of excess extravascular fluid, limited nutritional intake
Infants regain or exceed their birth weight by _____.
2 weeks
Infants grow ______ during the 1st mo.
30 g/day
*fastest postnatal growth
Infants from 0-2 mos. can already differentiate among _____.
patterns
colors
consonants
Infants who are consistently picked up and held in response to distress_____ and show _____.
cry less at 1 y.o.
less aggressive behavior at 2 y.o.
Crying peaks at _____ then decreases to _____.
6 weeks (3h/day) ≤ 1h at 3 mos.
The cerebellar white matter acquires myelin by 1 mo. and is completely myelinated by _____.
3 mos.
Myelination progresses from _____.
posterior to anterior
Physiologic changes in the first 2 mos. allow the establishment of _____.
feeding routines
predictable sleep-wake cycle
Neurologic maturation allows consolidation of sleep into _____ during the first 2 mos. of life.
5-6 hours/night
Infants at 2 mos. can discriminate rhythmic patterns in _____.
native vs. non-native language
_____ is present in 20% of infants < 2 mos. and although inmost it is a transient and normal behavioral activity, it is often associated with parental concern and distress.
Crying/Fussiness
At 2-6 mos. emergence of _____ and _____ mark the change in the parent-child relationship.
voluntary (social) smiles
increasing eye contact
Between 3-4 mos., rate of growth is _____.
20 g/day
By 4 mos. birthweight is _____.
doubled
Total sleep requirements at 2-6 mos. are approximately_____.
14-16 hours/day
By _____, the sleep EEG shows a mature pattern.
4-6 mos.
At 4 mos., infants are described as _____ socially, becoming interested in a wider world.
hatching
The first stage of personality development occurs during _____.
2-6 mos.
Motor maturation makes infants at _____ exciting and interactive.
3-6 mos.
At _____, infants develop will and intentions.
6-12 mos.
By the 1st birthday, birth weight has _____, length has increased by _____, and HC has increased by _____.
3x BW
↑50% length
+10 cm HC
Thumb-finger grasp develops at _____.
8-9 mos.
Pincer grasp develops at _____.
12 mos.
Tooth eruption occurs at _____ starting with the _____.
6-12 mos.
mandibular central incisors
Object permanence is achieved at _____.
9 mos.
Stranger anxiety usually develops with _____.
object permanence
The first true word appears in concert with an infant’s discovery of _____.
object permanence
Gross Motor Milestones:
holds head steady while sitting
2 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
pulls to sit with no head lag
3 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
brings hands together in midline
3 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
asymmetric tonic neck reflex gone
4 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
sits without support
6 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
rolls back to stomach
6.5 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
walks alone
12 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
runs
16 mos.
Developmental Implications:
holds head steady while sitting
allows more visual interaction
Developmental Implications:
pulls to sit with no head lag
muscle tone
Developmental Implications:
brings hands together in midline
self-discovery of hands
Developmental Implications:
asymmetric tonic neck reflex gone
can inspect hands in midline
Developmental Implications:
sits without support
increasing exploration
Developmental Implications:
rolls back to stomach
truncal flexion, risk of falls
Developmental Implications:
walks alone
exploration, control of proximity to parents
Developmental Implications:
runs
supervision more difficult
Fine Motor Milestones:
grasps rattle
3.5 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
reaches for objects
4 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
palmar grasp gone
4 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
transfers object hand to hand
5.5 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
thumb-finger grasp
8 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
turns pages of book
12 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
scribbles
13 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
builds tower of 2 cubes
15 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
builds tower of 6 cubes
22 mos.
Developmental Implications:
grasps rattle
object use
Developmental Implications:
reaches for objects
visuomotor coordination
Developmental Implications:
palmar grasp gone
voluntary release
Developmental Implications:
transfers object hand to hand
comparison ofobjects
Developmental Implications:
thumb-finger grasp
able to explore small objects
Developmental Implications:
turns pages of book
increasing autonomy during book time
Developmental Implications:
scribbles
visual-motor coordination
Developmental Implications:
builds tower of 2 cubes
uses objects in combination
Developmental Implications:
builds tower of 6 cubes
requires visual, gross, and fine motor coordination
Communication and Language Milestones:
smiles in response to face, voice
1.5 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
monosyllabic babble
6 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
inhibits to “no”
7 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
follows one-step command with gesture
7 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
follows one-step command without gesture
10 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
says “mama” or “dada”
10 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
points to objects
10 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
speaks first real word
12 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
speaks 4-6 words
15 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
speaks 10-15 words
18 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
speaks 2-word sentences
19 mos.
Developmental Implications:
smiles in response to face, voice
more active social participant
Developmental Implications:
monosyllabic babble
experimentation with sound, tactile sense
Developmental Implications:
inhibits to “no”
response to tone (non-verbal)
Developmental Implications:
follows one-step command with gesture
non-verbal communication
Developmental Implications:
follows one-step command without gesture
verbal receptive language
Developmental Implications:
says “mama” or “dada”
expressive language
Developmental Implications:
points to objects
interactive communication
Developmental Implications:
speaks first real word
beginning of labeling
Developmental Implications:
speaks 4-6 words
acquisition of object and personal names
Developmental Implications:
speaks 10-15 words
acquisition of object and personal names
Developmental Implications:
speaks 2-word sentences
beginning grammatization, corresponds with 50-word vocabulary
Cognitive Milestones:
stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
2 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
stares at own hand
4 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
bangs 2 cubes
8 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
uncovers toy after seeing it hidden
8 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
egocentric symbolic play
12 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
uses stick to reach toy
17 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
pretend play with doll
17 mos.
Developmental Implications:
stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
lack of object permanence
Developmental Implications:
stares at own hand
self-discovery, cause and effect
Developmental Implications:
bangs 2 cubes
active comparison of objects
Developmental Implications:
uncovers toy after seeing it hidden
object permanence
Developmental Implications:
egocentric symbolic play
beginning symbolic thought
Developmental Implications:
uses stuck to reach toy
able to link actions to solve problems
