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Genitourinary > GU 1 > Flashcards

GU 1 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

MC site of obstruction for nephrolithiasis

A

ureterovesciular junction

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2
Q

MCC of nephrolithiasis

A

Inadequate Fluid Intake

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3
Q

What gender is more prone to nephrolithiasis?

A

Males

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4
Q

Meds predisposing to nephrolithiasis (4)

A

Loop diuretics
Acetazolamide
Antacids
Chemotherapy agents

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5
Q

MC nephrolithiasis stone

A

Calcium

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6
Q

4 types of nephrolithiasis stones

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Uric acid
  3. Struvite stones
  4. Cystine stones
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7
Q

Radiodense stones

A

Calcium

Struvite

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8
Q

Radiolucent stones

A

Uric acid

Cystine stones

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9
Q

persistently acidic urine can results in what type of stone?

A

uric acid

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10
Q

2nd MC nephrolithiasis stone

A

uric acid

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11
Q

nephrolithiasis stone type that is common in individuals with recurrent UTIs with urease-producing organisms

A

struvite stones

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12
Q

nephrolithiasis stones of alkaline urine

A

Struvite stones

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13
Q

nephrolithiasis stones with a genetic predisposition

A

cystine

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14
Q

Sudden onset of severe pain due to the stone moving through the ureter with obstruction and spasming is called

A

renal colic

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15
Q

Is N/V present in nephrolithiasis?

A

very common to have N/V

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16
Q

initial test for detection of stones that is often times skipped

A

kidney ureter bladder plain film test (KUB)

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17
Q

most useful test for defining degree and extent of urinary tract obstruction occurring in nephrolithiasis

A

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

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18
Q

radiology test that detects hydronephrosis or hydroureter that is not that helpful in visualization of a stone

A

renal u/s

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19
Q

Main thing to do when treating nephrolithiasis

A

IV fluids

severe pain management with opioids

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20
Q

ultrasound shock waves used to break up the stone in nephrolithiasis

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

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21
Q

Fluids that can help prevent nephrolithiasis

A

real, natural lemonade

lotsa fluids

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22
Q

Diet modifications for nephrolithiasis

A

limit animal protein in hyperuricosuria patients

limit calcium intake in those that form calcium stones

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23
Q

med treatments for nephrolithiasis

A

thiazides reduce urinary calcium

allopurinol reduces uric acid in urine

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24
Q

Acute cystitis is MC in what gender

A

females

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25
MC acute cystitis pathogen in children
E. coli
26
MC acute cystitis pathogen in sexually active young adults
C. trachomatis
27
MC acute cystitis pathogen in very young females learning to wipe
Enterococcus
28
Organism that is a common cause of acute cystitis that you should remember
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
29
What patients do you need blood cultures in with acute cystitis?
urosepsis patients | elderly patients
30
What common pharm agent is used as a first line in acute cystitis but is not to be selected if you suspect a possible pyelo or is an early pyelo?
Nitrofurantoin
31
urine analgesic for cystitis
phenazopyridine - turns things ORANGE
32
Do not use phenazopyridine in patients that have ____ allergies.
sulfa
33
Pregnant female acute cystitis pharm treatment
ampicillin amoxicillin + CA cephalosporins
34
Treatment duration for pregnant females with acute cystitis
7 - 10 days
35
Men with a UTI require what physical exam?
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) to r/o prostatitis
36
Warfarin patients with acute cystitis are treated with what pharmacology agents
PCN Cephalosporoins Doxy AVOID: FQ, TMP/SMX
37
Common complication of acute pyelonephritis
urosepsis and then onto septic shock
38
Common complication of acute pyelonephritis in diabetic patients
Emphysematous pyelonephritis due to gas-producing bacteria
39
GNR acute pyelonephritis treatment
TMP/SMX or FQ for 10 - 14 days
40
GPC acute pyelonephritis treatment
Amoxicillin for S. saprophyticus
41
How is treatment started in patients with acute pyelonephritis? (before you start them on a full regimen of ABX, you give this particular one time ABX to start)
Ceftriaxone or Gentamicin
42
Severe complicated acute pyelonephritis
ampicillin and getamicin IV OR cipro IV
43
interstitial cystitis is AKA
painful bladder syndrome
44
commonly affected population group for interstitial cystitis
females > 40 hx of bladder problems as a child
45
Dx interstitial cystitis
painful filling of the bladder that is relieved with micturition dx of exclusion
46
damaged bladder transitional epithelium and vasculature that results in bleeding
hemorrhagic cystitis
47
common viral causes of hemorrhagic cystitis
adenovirus (esp. in boys), influenza (immunocompromised)
48
male incontinence is usually from
BPH or after prostate surgery
49
MC incontinence in elderly
urge
50
MC incontinence in < 70
stress
51
Increased intraabdominal pressure results in _____ incontinence
stress
52
____ incontinence causing losses of large volumes of urine
urge
53
____ incontinence causing losses of spurts & small volume of urine
stress
54
____ incontinence causing frequent losses of small amounts of urine
overflow
55
_____ incontinence that has a large volume of residual urine after voiding
overflow
56
pharm agents for urge incontinence
anticholinergics - reduces the OAB
57
pharm agents for stress incontinence
estrogen replacement
58
pharm agents for overflow incontinence
cholinergic agents (increases bladder contractions to empty) alpha adrenergics (decreases sphincter resistance)
59
initial test of choice for urinary tract obstruction
renal U/S
60
MC type of malignancy in GU
bladder carcinoma
61
type that predominates in bladder carcinomas
transitional cell carcinomas
62
definitive diagnostics of bladder carcinoma
cystoscopy & biopsy
63
pharm agent that frequently causes hemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide
64
chancroid disease is caused by...
Haemophilus ducreyi
65
Differences between chancroids of H. ducreyi and syphilis chancre
H. ducreyi: soft, ragged edges that is painful with tender LAD Syphilis: painless "punched out" indurated, raised borders that's crater like
66
school of fish gram staind
Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
67
Painful chancroid + suppurative lymphadenopathy = pathognomonic for _____
Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
68
painless, crater-like chancre (also described as "punched out", indurated, raised borders, red/smooth base)
Syphilis primary stage
69
4-8 weeks after chancre Maculopapular rash on palms/soles Conydlomata lata (moist lesions on genitals) HIGHLY contagious
Syphilis secondary stage
70
positive serological tests with sx
Syphilis latent stage
71
can occur anytime after primary infection
Syphilis tertiary stage
72
small, irregular pupil that constricts normally to near accommodation but not to light
Argyll-roberson pupils of syphilis
73
posterior column deterioration, leading to ataxia, areflexia, burning pain, weakness
tabes dorsalis of syphilis
74
dementia, personality changes, HAs, meningitis, incontinence
neurosyphilis
75
syphilitic aortitis with ascending AA
CV effects of syphilis

Genitourinary (5 decks)

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