GU 3 - Peds

Question 1

MC peds GU issue

Answer 1

enuresis

Question 2

Enuresis definition

Answer 2

must occur at least 2x/weekly for three consecutive months

Question 3

nocturnal enuresis has a strong _____

Answer 3

family history

Question 4

decreased functional bladder capacity with alteration in circadian vasopressin levels results in ____ enuresis

Answer 4

nocturnal

Question 5

when working up enuresis you r/o ____

Answer 5

secondary causes: UTI, DM, OAB, spinal cord lesion/abnormality, physical/sexual abuse

Question 6

management of enuresis

Answer 6

reassurance as many outgrow

Question 7

vesicoureteral reflux is MC in ____

Answer 7

children with febrile UTI and in young infants/toddlers

Question 8

types of vesicoureteral reflux (2)

Answer 8

1. primary: congenital
2. secodnary: abnormally elevated bladder pressure preventing closure of the ureterovesical junction during bladder contraction

Question 9

why is vesicoureterla reflux something to worry about?

Answer 9

Infected urine refluxing into the kidneys can cause scarring of kidneys and impairment in renal growth and functioning

Question 10

common PE findings of VUR

Answer 10

usually ASx and can see UTI sx like suprapubic tenderness

Question 11

why renal u/s with VUR

Answer 11

hydronephrosis or hydroureter

Question 12

what diagnostic test allows for grading of VUR

Answer 12

voiding cystoureterography (VCUG)

Grade I is mild

Grade V is severe

Question 13

Treatment of VUR

Answer 13

most spontaneously resolve in several years and severe cases are less likely to resolve

Question 14

undescended testicle

Answer 14

cryptorchidism

Question 15

common populations for cryptorchidism

Answer 15

30% of premies and 2-5% of full term births

Question 16

blue dot sign

Answer 16

torsion of the testicular appendix - an appendage of the testicle becomes torsed and tender causing cyanosis

Question 17

treatment of torsion of testicular appendage

Answer 17

refer to urology

Question 18

phimosis

Answer 18

unable to retract foreskin over glans due to chronic infection or from poor hygiene

Question 19

infection of foreskin showing prepuce tenderness and erythema, edema, smegma, and purulent discharge

Answer 19

balanoposthitis

Question 20

when does paraphimosis become clinically significant

Answer 20

ages > 4

Question 21

Congenital malformation of urethral meatus opening to ventral side of penis due to incomplete fusion of uretheral fold in utero

Answer 21

Hypospadias