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GU 2 - Male Conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

MC benign enlargement/tumor of prostate

A

BPH

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2
Q

BPH requires what two things for PE?

A
  1. DRE

2. PSA w/o prostate massaging before testing

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3
Q

Must also perform a _____ to r/o prostatitis in BPH

A

C&S

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4
Q

____ Drug class (ex. ____) to relax smooth muscle of bladder and prostate but DOES NOT reduce the size of the prostate in BPH

A 
Alpha blockers drug class
ex. is Tamsulosin
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5
Q

____ Drug class (ex. ____) to block conversion of testosterone to DHT to reduce the size of the prostate in BPH

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitors

ex. is finasteride

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6
Q

OTC dietary supplement for BPH that is sometimes used with variable efficacy

A

saw plametto

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7
Q

is chronic or acute prostatitis more common?

A

chronic

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8
Q

prostatitis organisms > 35 y/o

A

E.coli, Kleb, Proteus, other GNR

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9
Q

prostatitis organisms < 35 y/o

A

gonorrhea and chlamydia

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10
Q

none organism cause of prostatitis

A

reflux of infected urine back into urethra and into ascending parts usually secondary to cath usage

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11
Q

acute or chronic prostatitis is ASx?

A

chronic

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12
Q

DRE of prostatitis

A

acute: boggy, tender prostate
chronic: enlarged, nontender

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13
Q

ABX duration of prostatitis

A

28 - 30 days

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14
Q

MC prostate cancer type

A

adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

urinary retention, back pain, hematuria, bone pain in a male

A

prostate cancer

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16
Q

Most prostate cancer is ___ in the beginning. (clinical manifestations)

A

ASx

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17
Q

Once the Sx appear for prostate cancer, you start to see _____ sx and it’s quite common for the cancer to have ____.

A

Bone pain sx

common for the cancer to have spread/metastasized to lymph nodes/bones (spine/pelvis)

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18
Q

DRE shows hard, nodular, asymmetrical, irregular prostate

A

prostate cancer

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19
Q

PSA does not = ____

A

prostate cancer

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20
Q

best diagnostic study for prostate cancer

A

transrectal U/S with a biopsy if indicated in different areas of prostate

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21
Q

prostate cancer is a ______ type of cancer

A

slow metastasizing cancer

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22
Q

Patient is > 65 and has prostate cancer. What’s the best way to manage?

A

Watchful waiting

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23
Q

heavy scrotum, herniation into scrotum, filariasis

A

hydrocele

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24
Q

Hydroceles are usually ____

A

congenital

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25
Collection of fluid in serous scrotal space between the layers of tunica vaginalis
hydrocele
26
communicating hydrocele
fluid from peritoneum enters the hydrocele and flows back and forth freely
27
non-communicating hydrocele
herniation of thickened cord above testicle on affected side (no free fluid movement)
28
Hydrocele's do or do not transilluminate?
DO transilluminate
29
tropical infection with filariasis
can cause a hydrocele
30
transillumination, bag of worms, varicosities
varicocele
31
Varicose veins that drain into internal spermatic veins
varicocele
32
Bag of worms posterior and superior to testes
varicocele
33
round soft painless mass above and behind testicle
spermatocele
34
spermatocele
Epidydimal cysts containing sperm (scrotal mass)
35
1) Painless, cystic testicular mass on PE | Round, soft mass at epidydimal head, superior and posterior, separate from testicle
spermatocele
36
positive Phern's sign, Cremasteric reflex
epididymitis
37
STI form of epididymitis
due to gonorrhea or chlamydia
38
NON STI forms of epididymitis
E.coli, Pseudomonas, Kleb
39
lifting testicle decreases pain this PE test is also + in what condition?
Phern's sign epididymitis
40
brushing thigh and scrotum lifts this PE test is also + in what condition?
Cremasteric reflex epdidymitis
41
MUMPS, monocytes, MONO test
orchitis
42
Inflammation of testicle commonly from systemic infections like MUMPS
orchitis
43
Bell-Clapper defect, Loss of cremasteric reflex & phren's sign
testicular torsion
44
Teenage males following scrotal trauma or physical activity | Can just wake up with it in the AM
testicular torsion
45
Testicular U/S with doppler with no arterial flow
testicular torsion
46
Rapidly spreading necrotizing infection of scrotum
Fournier’s gangrene
47
RF for Fournier’s gangrene (4)
DB obesity Pelvic trauma immunocompromised
48
20-35 y/o, AFP, beta HCG tumor markers, CT of head/chest/abdomen/pelvis, painless/firm/hard/fixed scrotal mass
testicular cancer
49
Testicular cancer is common in _____ y/o males
Common in 20 - 35 y/o males
50
Testicular cancer RF are ____ & ______
cryptoorchidism kleinfelter's
51
MC testicular cancer type
germ cell tumors
52
Two main types of testicular cancer
germ cell and non-germ cell tumors
53
germ cell tumors of testicular cancers - comprised of what two categories?
seminomas | nonseminomatous
54
Which is MC? Seminomas or nonseminomatous?
seminomas
55
What are the four types of nonseminomatous?
1. emryonal carcinoma 2. choriocarcinoma 3. teratoma 4. yolk sac carcinoma
56
Which of the nonseminomatous testicular cancers is MC in young boys?
yolk sac carcinoma
57
Which of the nonseminomatous testicular cancers is most aggressive?
choriocarinoma
58
Which of the nonseminomatous testicular cancers rarely metastasizes?
teratoma
59
Which of the nonseminomatous testicular cancers has a high malignancy and has hemorrhage/necrosis?
embryonal carcinoma
60
What are the two subtypes of non-germ cell tumors of testicular cancer?
1. leydig cell tumors | 2. sertoli cell tumors
61
Why do a CT scan and/or CXR for testicular cancer?
CT scan (metastasize to head, chest, abdomen, pelvis) CXR (metastasize to chest)
62
Painless mass/lump or firmness of testicle
testicular cancer
63
testicular cancer subtype that is hormonally active and common in precocious puberty
leydig cell tumors (non-germ cell type)
64
testicular cancer tumor marker of beta HCG
seminoma | nonseminoma, subtypes choriocarcinoma and embryonal (embryonal also has AFP)
65
testicular cancer tumor marker of alpha fetal protein
nonseminoma, subtypes yolk sac and embryonal (also has beta HCG)
66
testicular cancer tumor marker for teratoma
NONE! Its made up of hair, teeth, and nails....
67
low testosterone, androgen deficiency in aging male (ADAM) AKA
hypogonadism
68
Clinical presentation for hypogonadism
Most are ASx and have no problems
69
Contraindication to testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism
polycythemia as testosterone thickens the blood (no one with HCT > 55%)
70
Hypogonadism that you decide to treat with testosterone and you see a Rapid rise in PSA in first 3-6 months = ________?
early prostate cancer that was preexisting
71
Balanitis
Inflammation of superficial tissues of glans
72
Balanoposthtis
inflammation of foreskin and glans
73
1) Infections due to poor hygiene, erosion of tissues with erythema and yeast overgrowth 2) Pruritius, tenderness, pain, dysuria, localized edema Can see ulceration and lymphadenopathy
Balanitis/Balanoposthtis
74
MCC of erectile dysfunction
decreased arterial flow due to peripheral vascular disease
75
Meds that can cause ED (3)
antihypertensives (beta blockers) antidepressants (TCAs) opioid analgesics
76
_______ is key neurotransmitter for erectile production
Nitric oxide
77
Erection lasting > 4 hours
priapism
78
Diagnostics of priapism
penile ABG | CBC
79
Dupuytren's contracture
Peyronie’s disease
80
Abnormal curvature and shortening of penis during erection due to scarring of tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa
Peyronie’s disease
81
Penile cancer peaks in the ___ decade of life
seventh
82
penile cancer is linked with HPV strain ___
18
83
Penile cancer is very rare in those that are _____
circumcised

Genitourinary (5 decks)

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