GU

Question 1

protein in urine

Answer 1

normal or renal disease

Question 2

hyaline casts

Answer 2

exercise

Question 3

RBC casts

Answer 3

pathological
renal hmaturia
GN
goodpastures
endocarditis
lupus

Question 4

WBC casts

Answer 4

renal infection or inflammation

kidney involvement

Question 5

waxy casts

Answer 5

chronic renal failure or diabetic nephropathy

Question 6

UTI UA findings

Answer 6

pH alkaline 
maybe positive RBC
low to no protein
WBV >6/hpf
nitrite can be positive

Question 7

UA findings for lithiasis

Answer 7

RBC: +
WBC: maybe +
Protein: -
Mucus: positive
Calculi: strain urine for calculi

Question 8

test for pheochromocytoma

Answer 8

urine metanephrines most sensitive

Question 9

ED vitamins

Answer 9

L-arginine 1000-2000mg bid
mg glycinate 100-300mg bid
zinc 20-50mg bid

Question 10

oliguria vs anuria

Answer 10

< 500cc

< 100cc

Question 11

azotemia

Answer 11

increased BUN in blood

Question 12

pre-renal azotemia

Answer 12

BUN rises faster than creatinine

Question 13

intra-renal

Answer 13

BUN and Cre equally high

Question 14

post-renal

Answer 14

BUN cre normal and rises after long oliguria

Question 15

acute renal failure dx

Answer 15

sudden onset oliguria
proteinuria
hematuria
anorexia, nausea, vomitting, fluid retention
decreased Na, Ca, HCO3

Question 16

red cell casts can indicate

Answer 16

acute glomerulonephritis

Question 17

common causes of chronic renal insufficiency

Answer 17

DM and HTN

Question 18

characteristic finding of interstitial cystitis

Answer 18

pinpoint bleeding in bladder lining found on cystoscopy

Question 19

signs and sx of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 19

damage to basement membrane:
protein in urine >3.5 g in 24 hours
low blood prottein
chigh cholesterol
eema

Question 20

what do you do for a pt that has microalbuminuria and DM

Answer 20

ACE even if normotensive and statins

Question 21

cough with bloody sputum and decreased kidney function

Answer 21

Goodpastures

Question 22

common renal tumor in children

painless hematuria

Answer 22

Wilm’s (nephroblastoma)

Question 23

most common kidney ca in adults

Answer 23

renal cell carionoma

smoking

Question 24

duodenal ulcer vs gastric ulcer

Answer 24

duodenal: 75%, burning epigastric pain, 1-3 hours postprandial BETTER FOOD

gastric: 25%, NSADDs, burning epigatric pain post-eating WORSE FOOD
relieved antacids

Question 25

etiology pancreatitis

Answer 25

ETOH and gallstones common

Question 26

common locatoin for pancreatic ca

Answer 26

head

Question 27

unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 27

hemolytic diseaes or Gilbert syndrome

Question 28

conjugated hyperbilirubinemai

Answer 28

hepatocellular disease

Question 29

how do you diagnose cirrhosis

Answer 29

decreased serum albumin prolonged prothrombin time CT size and texture US organomegaly

Question 30

colon ca screening

Answer 30

``` age 40 DRE age 50 fecal occult blood sigmoidoscopy 3-5 years colonoscopy ```

Question 31

triple therapy for h pylori

Answer 31

tetracycline erythromycin omeprazole

Question 32

useful test for H pylori

Answer 32

endoscopy with biopsy stool antigen test urease breath test

Question 33

drug for IBS

Answer 33

dicyclomine is used to treat abd pain assoicated with IBS

Question 34

most indicated test for Crohns

Answer 34

barium enema with radiograph to differnetiate crohns from UC

Question 35

what does sulfasalazine require when used

Answer 35

folic acid supplementation

Question 36

homeopathic for painless diearrhea that alternates with headache

Answer 36

podophyllum