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HK Last - Cardio > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

silhouette sign

A

peumonia

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2
Q

If lungs appear white on CXR

A

pneumonia
TB
mass
pleural effusion

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3
Q

If lungs appear black on CXR

A

pneumothorax

PE

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4
Q

IMaging of choice for lung after CXR

A

CT

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5
Q

H1 blockers

A

loratadine
diphenhydramine
cyproheptadine

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6
Q

alpha 1 agonist used for bronchodilation in asthma, nasal congestion

A

ephedrine

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7
Q

used in prophylaxis only for bronchial asthma

A

cromolyn sodium

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8
Q

rescue inhalers vs maintenance inhalers

A

rescue: sympathomimetics: epi, albuteroal, metoproterenol
maintenence: steroids (fluticasone), advair

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9
Q

chronic cough

A

> 8 weeks

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10
Q

three most common causes of chronic cough in non-smokers, not on ACEi

A

postnasal drip
asthma
GERD

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11
Q

what is a methacholine challenge used for

A

to diagnose asthma

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12
Q

wheezing, dyspnea, cough, nocturnal sx

A

asthma

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13
Q

DDX asthma

A 
CHF
PE
GE reflux
aspiration
upper airway obstruction (tumor, etc)
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14
Q

decreased breath sounds with hyperresonance to percussion, shift of mediastinal structures on CXR

A

pneumothorax

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15
Q

absent lung sounds, dullness to percussion, mediastinal deviation toward affected side

A

atelectasis

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16
Q

most common pathogens for acute bronchitis

A

s. pneumonia
H. flu
morexella catarrhalis
*klebsiella in alcoholics

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17
Q

lung condition caused by pigeon droppings

A

cryptococcal pneumonia

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18
Q

lung condition found in midwest (Ohio and Mississippi River Vally), Ontario, and Quebec, and south central US, Midwest
atypical pneumonia sx with patchy infiltrates
flu like sx
calcifications in 75%

A

histoplasmosis

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19
Q

East of Mississippi River!
soil fungus found in eastern and mid-western US
hemoptysis, cough, wt loss, pleurisy, flu-like

A

blastomycosis

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20
Q 
valley fever 
san joaquin vally
texas, s ca, south america
fever, malaise, dry cough, chest pain, anorexia
can see fine rash or erythema nodosum
A

coccidiomycosis

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21
Q

chronic obstructive lung disease

A

airflow limitation from obstruction
overinflation of lungs
difficulty blowing air out

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22
Q

restrictive (interstitial) lung disease

A

infiltration of inflammation and scarring of lung parenchyma
lung fibrosis
smaller lung volume
difficulty getting air in

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23
Q

lower respiratory disease

A

bronchitis

emphysema

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24
Q 
pink puffer
normal CO2
permanent dilation of alveolar walls
barrel chest
pursed lips
A

emphysema

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25
``` blue bloater increased pCO2 persistent cough with sputum > 2years obese cor pulmonale ```
Chronic bronchitis
26
If pH and PCO2 move in same direction
metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
27
If pH and PCO2 move in opposite directions
respiratory acidosis/alkalosis
28
tx for COPD
bronchodilators O2 glucocorticoids
29
``` sudden onset dyspnea chest pain (pleuritic) hypoxemia recent surgery normal CXR ```
PE
30
tx for PE
anticoagulation
31
widespread white patches on CXR dry cough for several weeks fever small airway pbstruction
cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans)
32
``` noncaseating granulomas loss of lung function 20-40 yr CXR bilateral hilar infiltrate restrictive pattern on PFT ```
sarcoidosis
33
chronic scaring of lung that obliterates small airways | can be acute following viral illness or seen in RA or organ transplant
bronchiolitis obliterans
34
``` autoimmune disorder of basement membrane hemoptysis dyspnea cough hypoxemia bilateral alveolar infiltrate iron def anemia Dx based on igG deposits ```
Goodpastures
35
``` rare disorder causing inflammation of blood vessels in upper resp tract arthritis eyes effected +ANCA preceded by sinusitis or ear infections ```
Wegeners granulomatosis
36
Tiotropium
Bronchodilator indicated for chronic bronchitis/COPD - helps reduce bronchospasms.
37
what is most indicated for a pt with chronic bronchitis
spirometry
38
atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma, chlamydia, viral pneumonias
39
most common place to find bilateral diffuse infilatrate on CXR
mycoplasma/atypical pneumonias
40
soil pathogens, cxr shows solitary lesion, round intracavitary mass.
aspergillosis
41
``` irreversible dilation of bronchial tree due to tumor, foreign bodies, etc. copius purulent sputum rales clubbing honeycombing on CXR ```
bronchiectasis
42
how to treat mycosis
azoles
43
dx mucosis
sputum culture
44
signet ring on CT
bronchiectasis
45
tx for bronchiectasis
inhaled corticosteriods
46
RSV virus in infants
bronchiolitis
47
imaging for lung abscess
CT
48
stepwise for asthma
albuterol (if greater than 2x/week) add steroid inhaler if not working put on LABA (have to be on corticosteroid with LABA or they will die) can add leukotriene for allergies too
49
tx blastomycosis
pt with sx, treat with Amphotericin B and Itraconazole | *same tx for all mycosis and histoplasmosis
50
see decrease in FEV1 over time
chronic bronchitis
51
who do you treat with Tiotropium and Theophyline
COPD pt
52
What causes pneumoconiosis
inhalation of mineral dust (silica, asbestos, etc)
53
pulmonary htn
mean pulmonary artery pressure > 25mmHg
54
lung tumor that secretes PTH ectopically | association with smoking
Squamous cell carcinoma
55
lung tumor more common in women | less associated with smoking
adenocarcinoma
56
lung tumor more common in men mets early can secrete ADH or ACTH association with smoking
small cell carcinoma (oat)
57
workup for mesothelioma
CT (CXR)
58
lung tumor that involves brachial plexus produces Horner's syndrome pain in shoulder
pancoast tumor
59
non-sedating antihistimines
Loratadine (claritin)
60
sedating antihistimines
Diphenhydramine Hydroxyzine Cyproheptadine
61
inhaled steriods
fluticasone
62
anticholinergic bronchodilator
tiotropium
63
Leuikotriene receptor antagonist
montelukast | - persistnet asthma
64
cough suppressant
dextromethorphan
65
mucolytic
guaifenesin
66
anti-tubercular drug
isoniazid

HK Last - Cardio (16 decks)

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