Guinea Pig Medicine

Question 1

What is the Sereny test?

Answer 1

Tests invasiveness of enteroinvasive E coli, Shigella, and Listeria. Done by inoculating suspension of bacteria into G pig eye.

Question 2

What is the Ames test?

Answer 2

Uses bacteria to test whether a chemical can cause mutations in DNA of test organism. Biologic assay.

Question 3

What is the genus and species of a guinea pig?

Answer 3

Cavia porcellus

Question 4

What is the vertebral formula of a guinea pig?

Answer 4

C7, T13 (T14), L6, S2 (3), CD 4(6)

Question 5

Guinea pigs (like NW monkeys, ferrets, and people) are considered to be corticosteroid-resistant because steroid administration is not associated with changes in thymic physiology or peripheral lymphocyte counts. T or F

Answer 5

True

Question 6

G Pigs have laryngeal ventricles. T or F

Answer 6

False

Question 7

G Pig right lung as 4 lobes and left lung has 3 lobes. T or F

Answer 7

True
Right (Cranial, middle, caudal, accessory).
Left (cranial, middle caudal)

Question 8

What is the dental formula of G pigs?

Answer 8

20 teeth 2( I 1/1, C 0/0, PM 1/1, M 3/3)

Question 9

What is the hole in the soft palate called?

Answer 9

palatal ostium

Question 10

Name the salivary glands in a G pig

Answer 10

parotid, mandibular, sublingual, molar

Question 11

Unlike rats, mice, and hamsters, what due guinea pigs lack in the GI tract?

Answer 11

There is no non-glandular portion of the stomach

Question 12

Gastric pH and SI pH

Answer 12

gastric 2.9, SI 6.4-7.4

Question 13

How many dietary B vitamins due guinea pigs require?

Answer 13

7 of 10
vs rabbits (3 of 10)

Question 14

Explain the mucus trap strategy?

Answer 14

Bacteria in colon trapped in mucus without food particles, and returned to cecum by antiperistalsis.
vs rabbits “wash back strategy” of bacteria, solutes, food and water (not mucus).

Question 15

GI flora of G pigs is similar in rabbits and comprised of what type of bacteria?

Answer 15

gram positive, anaerobic

Question 16

Name accessory sex glands in males (boars)

Answer 16

vesicular glands, prostate, coagulating glands, and bulbourethral glands.

Question 17

Name the pouch next to urethral opening.

Answer 17

Intromittent sac

Question 18

Why do g pigs require vitamin c (ascorbic acid)

Answer 18

They lack L-gulonolactone oxidase, an enxyme involved in synthesis of ascorib acid from glucose.

Question 19

What dose of ascorbic acid is required?

Answer 19

adults 10-25 mg/kg/day

breeding females 30 mg/kg/day

Question 20

Natural Vit C is oxidized (lost) in foods in what length of time

Answer 20

90 days.

Question 21

Stabilized vit C (L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate) lasts for how long in diets

Answer 21

6 months (or longer in dry conditions at 70 degrees).

Question 22

What foods are high in ascorbic acid?

Answer 22

red and green peppers, tomatoes, kiwi, oranges, broccoli

Question 23

Guinea pigs prefer to drink from open bowls compared to nipple drinkers. T or F

Answer 23

False

Question 24

List the ages of g pigs at puberty

Answer 24

Males 3 mos, Females 2 mos

Question 25

Length of estrus in females

Answer 25

15-17 days

Question 26

Post partum estrus occurs how long after parturition?

Answer 26

2-10 hrs

Question 27

How long is estrus?

Answer 27

6-11 hrs

Question 28

Length of gestation?

Answer 28

65-71 days

Question 29

The pubic symphysis produces a gap of 15mm-25mm about 2 days prior to parturition. T or F

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Do g pig pups require sow's milk for the first 5 days of life?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

At what age are g pigs weaned?

Answer 31

21 days (they are precocious)

Question 32

What is the blood volume of g pigs?

Answer 32

70 ml/kg/bw

Question 33

Hypocholesterolemia is common in g pigs. T or F

Answer 33

False (Hypercholesterolemia is common)

Question 34

What is a Kurloff cell?

Answer 34

Unique leukocyte of g pigs that is mononuclear and resembles a lymphocyte but has round or ovoid inclusions (kurloff bodies) that may have antileukemia activity.

Question 35

What is the normal daily water intake?

Answer 35

100 ml/kg/day

Question 36

Common treatment of GI stasis in g pigs?

Answer 36

buprenorphine (0.2mg/kg oral-transmucosal q4hrs)

Question 37

Administration of antibiotics may cause overgrowth of what gram negative bacteria?

Answer 37

Clostridium difficile, resulting in diarrhea and hemorrhagic typhlitis

Question 38

What causes Tyzzer's disease and how is it transmitted?

Answer 38

Clostridium piliforme; fecal-oral

Question 39

Necropsy lesions of Tyzzer's disease?

Answer 39

intestinal inflammation and focal hepatic necrosis

Question 40

Causes of bacterial enteritis

Answer 40

Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidis (zoonotic)

Question 41

Necropsy lesions of Salmonella dz

Answer 41

enlarged spleen and liver, yellow necrotic foci on viscera

Question 42

What bacteria causes abscessation of intestine, liv er, and regional lymph nodes?

Answer 42

Yersinia spp

Question 43

in weanlings, what bacteria causes wasting, depression and death with yellow fluids in intestines?

Answer 43

E coli

Question 44

What parasite causes failure to gain weight, weight loss, and diarreha in weanlings and immunosuppressed animals?

Answer 44

Cryptosprodium wrairi

Question 45

Name three common GI parasites?

Answer 45

Eimeria caviae, Balantidium caviae, and Paraspidodera unicinata

Question 46

What causes purulent bronchopneumonia often involving consolidated lung lobes and fibrinosupporative pleuritis? May also cause otitis media, encephalitis, metritis, abortions and death.

Answer 46

Bordetella bronchiseptica (gram negative rod)

Question 47

Treatment for bordetella bronchiseptica

Answer 47

Trimethoprim/sulfa and florfenicol

Question 48

What serotypes of Streptococus pneumoniae cause disease in guinea pigs?

Answer 48

Serotypes III, IV, and XIX

Question 49

What clinical signs to S pneumoniae cause?

Answer 49

bronchopneumonia, fibrinopurulent pleuritis, pericarditis

Question 50

What bacteria is commonly associated with urolithiasis?

Answer 50

Corynebacterium renale

Question 51

What is the most common composition of uroliths?

Answer 51

calcium carbonate

Question 52

What can be used to reduce urinary calcium levels?

Answer 52

Potassium citrate

Question 53

What negative side effect does potassium citrate cause?

Answer 53

Hyperkalemia

Question 54

What two types of ovarian cysts occur?

Answer 54

Serous (cystic rete ovarii; non-functional), and Hormone producing foliccular cysts.

Question 55

Follicular cysts are associated with what condition?

Answer 55

Bilaterally siymmetric nonpruritic flank alopecia.

Question 56

What is a common treatment for follicular cysts?

Answer 56

GnRH and hCG to induce surge of LH: 25ug q14 days x 2 injections

Question 57

Most common uterine tumor?

Answer 57

Uterine leiomyomas

Question 58

Most dystocias in sows occur when first bred after what age?

Answer 58

8-12 mos.

Question 59

Common cause of dermatophytosis?

Answer 59

Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T benhamiae, then Microsporum canis

Question 60

What is the fur mite of guinea pigs?

Answer 60

Chirodiscoides caviae (elgonated body with triangular rostrum) First to pairs of limbs are hooked.

Question 61

What is a skin mite (mange) of g pigs?

Answer 61

Sarcoptic mite (Trixacarus caviae): oval with triangular scale on back without spikes. The anus is dosral in the female, and the rostrum is pentagonal. Sucker at tip of nonarticulated pedicle

Question 62

Name common lice of g pigs?

Answer 62

``` Gliricola porcelli (elongated and thin abdomen, two antenae, dimple, two maxillary palps. Gyropus ovalis (oval abdomne), two antennas, dimple in head and two maxillary palps. Each limb has a claw. ```

Question 63

What is used to treat ectoparasites in g pigs?

Answer 63

Ivermectin (q14 days x 4), or selamectin (single dose)

Question 64

Most common skin neoplasm of g pigs?

Answer 64

Trichofolliculoma (dorsal rump with coccygeal gland)

Question 65

Mammary gland neoplasias are most prevalent in females? T or F

Answer 65

False (males more prevalent) Up to 75% malignant (adenocarcinomas)

Question 66

Lack of Vitamin C results in what?

Answer 66

Defective type IV collagen, laminin, and elastin resulting in joint and gingival hemorrhages (scurvy)

Question 67

30% Satin guinea pigs develop which disease by 1yr of age?

Answer 67

Fibrinous Osteodystrophy

Question 68

Fibrinous Osteodystrophy is caused by?

Answer 68

Primary/secondary hyperparathyroidism and causes increased osteoclastic bone resorption replaced by fibrous tissue.

Question 69

Fibrinous osteodystorphy closely resembles what disease?

Answer 69

Hypovitaminosis C

Question 70

What is the treatment in non guinea pigs to reduce osteoclastic activity and bone pain often seen with hypovitaminosis C or Fibrinous osteodystrophy?

Answer 70

Bisphosphonates, but not treatment guinea pigs. Poor prognosis.

Question 71

Common skin mite that causes severe pruritus that results in seizures?

Answer 71

T. caviae

Question 72

Arenavirus that causes meningitis and hind-limb paralysis

Answer 72

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)- more common in mice, hamsters, chincillas

Question 73

Disease that causes lymphocytic infiltrates in choroid plexus, ependyma, and meningies

Answer 73

LCMV

Question 74

What condition causes "pea eye" or "fatty eye" in American shorthairs?

Answer 74

hypertrophy of lacrimal or zygomatic glands, and increased fat deposits in conjunctiva.

Question 75

Incidental finding of white lesion at limbus

Answer 75

Heterotopic Calcification of ciliary body

Question 76

What constitutes Whipple's triad?

Answer 76

symptoms hypoglycemia, documented hypoglycemia, response to treatment from glucose (associated with insulinoma)

Question 77

Treatment for insulinoma?

Answer 77

diazoxide bid, or steroids for gluconeogenesis

Question 78

Diabetes treatment

Answer 78

No insulin necessary. Low-fat, high fiber diet recommended.

Question 79

Most common endocrine disorder in guinea pigs?

Answer 79

Hyperthyroidism (>3yrs age)

Question 80

Causes of hyperthyroidism in guinea pigs?

Answer 80

thyroid hyperplasia, adenoma, and carcinoma.

Question 81

Clinical signs of hyperthyroidism

Answer 81

weight loss, PU/PD, hyperactivity, nervousness, soft feces or diarrhea, heart murmur, arrhythmia

Question 82

Treatment for hyperthyroidism guinea pigs

Answer 82

Radioactive Iodine- 131

Question 83

Treatment for cushings (hyperadrenocorticism)

Answer 83

Trilostane, adrenalectomy

Question 84

What bacteria causes cervical lymphadenitis

Answer 84

Streptococcus equi, subsp zooepidemicus

Question 85

Epitheliotropic T-cell Lymphoma can present with pruritic alopecia and scaling. T or F

Answer 85

True

Question 86

Type-C retrovirus in laboratory guinea pigs causes what disease?

Answer 86

Cavian leukemia

Question 87

Treatment for Type-C retrovirus?

Answer 87

Prednisolone SID for 24 days, or lomustine every 21 days.

Question 88

What does a paurangiotic fundus mean?

Answer 88

Vessels only near optic nerve. Similar to squid.

Question 89

What tear test should be used to determine tear production?

Answer 89

phenol red thread tear test

Question 90

Primary cause of conjunctivitis in G pigs with mild chemosis, ocular discharge, and follicle formation.

Answer 90

Chlamydia caviae

Question 91

What condition causes conjunctivitis with flaky discharge?

Answer 91

Vitamin C deficiency

Question 92

Primary cause of conjunctival masses in guinea pigs

Answer 92

lymphosarcoma