Gula Flashcards

1
Q

3 major orsakir

A

hemolysis
lifrarsjúkdómar
gall obstruction

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2
Q

hver er mechanisminn á bakvið gulu?

A

annað hvort:
overproduction / underclearance
á bilirubin

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3
Q

hvenær kemur gulan fyrir leitt fram

A

bilirubin > 35

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4
Q

hver er umbrotsferlið á bilirubin?

A
  1. bilirubin myndast úr hemoglobin í milta
  2. fer úti plasma og er bundið albúmíni (óvatnsleysanlegt)
  3. complexinn tekin upp í lifur sem conjugerar
  4. seytt í þarma þar sem bakteríru mynda urobilinogen og urobilin
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5
Q

Dökkt þvag sést bara þegar það er

A

conjugerað bilirubin til staðar

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6
Q

Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

-orsakir

A

Minnkuð seytun úr lifur

extrahepatic biliary obstruction

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7
Q

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

-orsakir

A

of mikil framleiðsa á bilirubin
minnkuð upptaka í lifur
skert conjugation

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8
Q

Hvað veldur minnkaðri bilirubinseytun úr lifur

A

hepatocellular sjúkdómar (veiru/alkahól)
drug induced (pillar)
PBC
PSC

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9
Q

ef lifrarpróf sýna extrahepatic obstruction

-hvað á að gera?

A

noninvasive myndgreining
-ómun eða CT

Ef ennþá grunur eftir það => ERCP

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10
Q

ef lifrarpróf sýna intrahepatic sjúkdóm líklegan

A

viera serologíu
AMA, ANA, SMA
Fe/FIBC
antitrypsin level

hætta á lyfjum
lifrarbiopsía?
CT?

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11
Q

Arfgengir sjúkdómar sem valda minnkaðri bilirubinseytun úr lifur

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Rotor´s syndrome

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12
Q

Extrahepatice biliary obstruction

-conjugated HBE

A
gallsteinar
ca. í head of pancreas
cholangiocarcinoma
periampullary tumor
extrahepatic biliary atresia
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13
Q

uncojugated hyperbilirubinemia

-orsakir

A

of mikil myndun -hemolytic anemia
minnkuð upptaka
-gilbert´s sx, lyf, Crigler Najjar sx, nýburar, diffuse lifer disease

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14
Q

Ef grunur um hemolysis

-hvaða próf viljum við gera?

A
CBC
reticulocytar
haptoglobin
LDH
blóðstrok
Coombs próf
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