Gustation Flashcards
(63 cards)
What are senses?
Group of specialized receptors that responds to a specific physical phenomenon and that corresponds to a particular region of the brain where the signals are processed and interpreted.
Who formulated the doctrine of specific nerve endings?
Johannes Muller
What is the significance of Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Von Helmholtz’s work?
All behaviour should be explained by only physical forces rather than vitalism.
Who proposed that neuron transmissions are chemical based?
Otto Loewi
What does the Absolute threshold refer to in psychophysics?
The minimum intensity of a stimulus that can be detected.
What is the Just noticeable difference?
The smallest change in stimulus intensity that can be detected.
What is the Method of limits in psychophysical methods?
A method where stimuli are presented in ascending or descending order to determine thresholds.
Define the Method of constant stimuli.
A method where a set of stimuli is presented in random order to determine thresholds.
What is the Method of adjustment?
A method where participants adjust the stimulus until it matches a criterion or threshold.
What does Fechner’s law represent?
Dp = dS/S, indicating that the perception of a stimulus is proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity.
change in intensity/ initial stimuli = constant stimuli (webers contrast
In scaling methods, participants rate on a scale of how __________ they perceive something to be.
[intensely]
What type of taste is associated with Sucrose?
Presence of calories
What does sour taste (____acid) indicate?
Warning of spoilage
What does ______ chloride indicate in taste perception?
Presence of electrolytes to maintain body’s fluid balance
What does M__________ glutamate signify?
Presence of protein
At how many weeks of gestation do specialized taste cells begin to develop?
As early as 7 or 8 weeks
When are structurally mature taste buds visible?
At 13-15 weeks
How many taste buds do infants have compared to adults?
Up to 5 times the amount
What is the role of the tongue?
Muscular organ that plays vital parts to enable talking, chewing, swallowing.
What are papillae?
Small structures on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds.
What is a taste bud?
Sense organ that contains receptors for the sense of taste.
What are taste receptors?
Taste receptors make up tastebuds, they have proteins on the surface of taste cells that bind with food molecules.
Taste receptors send signals to the brian via nerve fibres
What happens during depolarization of the taste cell?
Sodium increases within the cell and depolarises the membrane which opens a voltage gated calcium channel. Calcium increases in the cell which causes the release of neurotransmitter – this causes a change in the electric charge leading to release of a signal
Calcium increases within the cell and depolarizes the membrane.
What is the sequence of neural signals for taste perception?
Tongue, papillae, taste buds, taste recpetors, depolarisation, neurotransmitter release, brain stem (nucleus solitary tractus), thalamus (relay station), Primary cortex (insula), secondary cortex (orbitofrontal cortex)
