Gyn And Breast Disease

Question 1

T/F: Vaginal malignancies are uncommon.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

_________ is inflammation of the external female genitalia; __________ is inflammation of the vaginal canal.

Answer 2

Vulvitis; vaginitis

Question 3

________ results in production of vaginal discharge (leukorrhea).

Answer 3

Vaginitis

Question 4

T/F: Diabetes or systemic antibiotics can predispose patients to vaginitis.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Cervicitis is often caused by a __________ infection.

Answer 5

Non-specific

Question 6

Incidence for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix has plummeted due to ________.

Answer 6

Pap smear

Question 7

T/F: Pap smear is a specific test.

Answer 7

False

screening test

Question 8

_____________ is the precursor for squamous cell carcinoma.

Answer 8

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

Question 9

T/F: All CIN progresses to cancer.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

A __________ is necessary to confirm atypical Pap smear.

Answer 10

Biopsy

Question 11

What are the various stages of CIN?

Answer 11

CIN I: mild dysplasia
CIN II: moderate dysplasia
CIN III: carcinoma in situ

Question 12

What are the high risk HPV types?

Answer 12

16 and 18

Question 13

T/F: Many females harbor HPV, but only a minority develop cancer.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: Prognosis for Squamous cell carcinoma/CIN is very poor.

Answer 14

False

Highly variable depending on tumor extent

Question 15

The ________ is the muscular wall of the uterus. The _______ is the glandular lining of the uterus.

Answer 15

Myometrium; endometrium

Question 16

How do most endometrial diseases present?

Answer 16

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Question 17

_________ is abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding.

Answer 17

Menorrhagia

Question 18

_________ is bleeding between menstrual cycles.

Answer 18

Metrorrhagia

Question 19

___________ is unusually painful menstrual bleeding.

Answer 19

Dysmenorrhea

Question 20

The functional endometrium is located ________ of the uterus and undergoes cyclic bleeding in patients with __________.

Answer 20

Outside; endometriosis

Question 21

“Chocolate cysts” are formed on the ovaries in patients with _____________.

Answer 21

Endometriosis

Question 22

Endometrial hyperplasia results from excess exposure to __________.

Answer 22

Estrogen

Question 23

T/F: Endometrial hyperplasia may lead to adenocarcinoma.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What are the three most common tumors of the uterus?

Answer 24

1. Endometrial polyps
2. Smooth muscle tumors
3. Carcinomas

Question 25

___________ is a benign tumor of the myometrial wall of the uterus.

Answer 25

Leiomyoma

Question 26

____________ is the most common female genital tract cancer in the US.

Answer 26

Endometrial carcinoma

Question 27

______ are common on the ovaries but are not as problematic as neoplasia.

Answer 27

Cysts

Question 28

____________ is common in teenage girls and can increase risk for type II diabetes, hypertension, and cv disease.

Answer 28

Polycystic ovarian disease

Question 29

What is the most common variant of ovarian carcinoma?

Answer 29

Surface epithelial

Question 30

Roughly ____ of ovarian carcinoma are familial.

Answer 30

5-10% Mutation of BRCA genes

Question 31

What is a teratoma?

Answer 31

Tumor involving the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 32

T/F: Teratomas are often malignant.

Answer 32

False Often benign Can be very strange (teeth and hair in weird places)

Question 33

T/F: Fibrocystic changes are very common in the breasts and create lumps similar in feel to cancer.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Fibroadenoma is the most common _________ neoplasm of the breast.

Answer 34

Benign

Question 35

Breast carcinoma arises from _______ elements of the breast.

Answer 35

Glandular

Question 36

What are the three major risk factors for breast carcinoma?

Answer 36

1. Genetics: BRCA 2. Hormones: estrogens 3. Environment: radiation, diet, etc.

Question 37

Where on the breast are carcinomas most common? Most deadly?

Answer 37

Most common: upper outer quadrant Most deadly: Inner lower quadrant

Question 38

Calcification and soft tissue density are detected in a _________.

Answer 38

Mammography

Question 39

T/F: Breast carcinoma will cause a orange surface.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T/F: Even when it appears as if breast cancer is under control, metastasis can still happen.

Answer 40

True