Gynae

Question 1

3 theories of aetiology of endometriosis

Answer 1

Regurgitant/implantation from retrograde menstrual flow of endometrial cells
Transformation of coelomic epithelial cells
Vascular or lymphatic dissemination of endometrial cells

Question 2

Microscopy of endometriosis

Answer 2

Red-blue to brown nodules - powder burn

Chocolate cysts in ovaries - endometriomas

Question 3

Relation of fibroids to oestrogen

Answer 3

Oestrogen stimulation important
Regress in menopause
Enlarge during pregnancy

Question 4

Microscope of fibroids

Answer 4

Bundles of smooth muscle cellar

Question 5

Complication of fibroids during pregnancy

Answer 5

Red degeneration
Here haemorrhagic infarction occurs
Severe abdominal pain

Post partum torsion can also occur

Question 6

What system is used to stage endometrial cancer

Answer 6

FIGO system

Question 7

What are endometrial carcinomas subdivided into

Answer 7

Endometroid

Non endometroid

Question 8

Most endometrial cancers are

Answer 8

Endometroid (80%)

Question 9

Pathophysiology of endometroid endometrial cancer

Answer 9

Oestrogen excess

Usually in peri-menopausal women

Question 10

What type of cancer is endometroid endometrial cancer

Answer 10

ADENOCARCINOMA (85%)

But may show squamous differentiation

Question 11

Pathophysiology of non endometroid endometrial cancer

Answer 11

Unrelated to oestrogen excess

Usually in elderly women with endometrial hypertrophy

Question 12

Types of cancers which are non endometroid endometrial cancer

Answer 12

Papillary
Serous
Clear cell

Question 13

Normal vulval histology

Answer 13

Squamous epithelium

Question 14

What HPV is associated with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

Answer 14

HPV 16

Question 15

What are the usual types of vulval intrapepithelial neoplasia

Answer 15

Graded as I, II, III

Warty, basaloid, mixed

Question 16

Usual type age group of vulval intraepithlial neoplasia

Answer 16

35-55

Question 17

Differentiated type of vulval intraepithlial neoplasia

Answer 17

Older women

Associated with keratinising SCC

Question 18

Which type of vulval intraepithlial neoplasia has highest risk of malignant transformation

Answer 18

Differentiated type

Question 19

Which cancer is usual type of Vulval intraepithlial neoplasia associated with

Answer 19

Warty/basaloid SCC

Question 20

What type of cancer is Vulval carcinoma

Answer 20

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 21

What type of cancer are majority of ovarian cancers

Answer 21

90% are epithelial ovarian cancers

Question 22

Most common type of epithelial ovarian cancer?

Answer 22

Serous cystadenoma

Question 23

What are the 4 subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer

Answer 23

Serous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenoma
Endometroid
Clear cell

Question 24

What cell seen in serous cystadenoma

Answer 24

Columnar epithelium

Question 25

Characteristic of serous cystadenoma

Answer 25

Psammoma bodies | Affects women aged 30-40

Question 26

What’s the most common oestrogen secreting tumour

Answer 26

Mucinous cystadenoma

Question 27

Characteristic of endometroid epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Answer 27

Mimics endometrium | Forms tubular glands

Question 28

Characistic of clear cell epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Answer 28

Abundant clear cytoplasm Intracellular glycogen Hobnail appearance

Question 29

Subtypes of germ cell ovarian carcinoma

Answer 29

Dysgerminoma Teratoma Choriocarcinoma

Question 30

Most common ovarian malignancy in young women

Answer 30

Dysgerminoma

Question 31

Which type of teratoma is malignant

Answer 31

Malignant

Question 32

Characteristic of immature teratoma

Answer 32

``` Malignant Usually solid Contains immature, embryo all tissue Secrete AFP Produce thyroxine ```

Question 33

What do choriocarcinomas secrete

Answer 33

HCG

Question 34

Characteristic of fibroma

Answer 34

Sex cord tumour No hormone production Associated with Meig’s syndrome

Question 35

Meig’s syndrome

Answer 35

Ascites Pleural effusion Ovarian tumour

Question 36

Ovarian fibroma malignant or benign

Answer 36

Benign

Question 37

What does granulosa theca cell tumour produce

Answer 37

e2

Question 38

What does sertoli leydig cell tumour secrete

Answer 38

Androgens

Question 39

staging system used for ovarian cancer

Answer 39

FIGO

Question 40

HPV associated with CIN

Answer 40

HPV 16, 18 , 33

Question 41

Most common cell type of cervical carcinoma

Answer 41

``` Squamous cell (70-80%) 20% are adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma ```

Question 42

What marks the change of CIN to carcinoma

Answer 42

Invasion through the basement membrane

Question 43

Staging system used for cervical cancer

Answer 43

FIGO