Gynae/breast high yield

Question 1

Ring of red mucosa around cervical os

Answer 1

cervical ectropion

Question 2

management for cervical ectropion causing mild spotting etc

Answer 2

conservative

Question 3

Parkinsonism:
- asymmetric tremor
- gaze palsy
- early postural instability
- no autonomy dys

Answer 3

progressive supranuclear palsy

Question 4

breast lesion - star shaped pattern of scarring

Answer 4

radial scar

Question 5

prev ovarian mass, sudden abdominal pain + whirlpool sign

Answer 5

ovarian torsion

Question 6

First line tx for PMS?

Answer 6

COCPs - drospirenone (yasmin)

Question 7

side effect of GnRH?

Answer 7

osteoporosis

Question 8

contraceptive causing heavy bleeding

Answer 8

copper coil

Question 9

1st line for menorrhagia?

Answer 9

mirena coil

Question 10

2nd line for menorrhagia?

Answer 10

COCP

Question 11

1st Ix for abnormal uterine bleeding

Answer 11

TVUSS

Question 12

definitive test for PMS?

Answer 12

GnrH analogue test

Question 13

how is diagnosis for PMS made?

Answer 13

symptom diary lasting 2 menstrual cycles
- symptoms relieved by menstruation

Question 14

metaplasia at transitional zone?

Answer 14

squamous epithelium –> glandular epithelium

Question 15

signet rings on histology

Answer 15

krukenberg tumouro

Question 16

ovarian metastases from GIT

Answer 16

krukenberg tumour

Question 17

most common cervical cancer

Answer 17

cervical squamous carcinoma

Question 18

dVIN?

Answer 18

HPV-independent precursor to vulvar SCC
high progression

Question 19

germ cell ovarian tumour

Answer 19

dermoid cyst (teratoma)

Question 20

uterine cancer tx

Answer 20

hysterectomy/ BSO/ PLND

Question 21

cervical cancer tx

Answer 21

LLETZ / hysterectomy / trachelectomy

Question 22

wide local excision + groin nodes dissection?

Answer 22

vulval cancer

Question 23

optimal debulking?

Answer 23

ovarian cancer

Question 24

FIGO?

Answer 24

staging system for ovarian + endometrial cancer

Question 25

Dyskaryosis

Answer 25

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia / CIN

Question 26

Imaging for cervical cancer

Answer 26

colposcopy

Question 27

conditions associated with HPV-independent VIN (dVIN)?

Answer 27

lichen sclerosis

Question 28

raised hormones in dermoid cyst?

Answer 28

aFP beta-hCG

Question 29

condyloma acuminatum?

Answer 29

genital warts caused by HPV

Question 30

treatment for symptomatic bartholins cyst abscess (fluctuant)

Answer 30

balloon catheter/ word catheter insertion (causes drainage)

Question 31

non surgical management for vaginal prolapse requiring frequent manual reduction

Answer 31

vaginal pessary

Question 32

1st line for stress incontinence

Answer 32

pelvic floor exercises

Question 33

neuro drug reducing effectiveness of contraception

Answer 33

carbamazepine

Question 34

Tayside chemotherapy drugs for ovarian cancer?

Answer 34

- carboplatin - paclitaxel

Question 35

paclitaxel MOA?

Answer 35

'taxane' class - inhibits microtubule formation - arrest cells in G2/M phase - results in apoptosis of rapid dividing cells

Question 36

carboplatin MOA?

Answer 36

alkylating agent - disrupts DNA replication and transmission - promotes apoptosis of cancer cells

Question 37

how does a borderline ovarian tumour behave different to an actual cancer?

Answer 37

spreads trancoelomically masses plant onto structures however DO NOT invade other tissue

Question 38

1st line ix post menopausal bleeding?

Answer 38

1. TVUSS - end thickness if 4mm 2. biopsy

Question 39

COCP increase chance of cervical cancer?

Answer 39

YES - indirect, due to lack of condom use

Question 40

drug used to reduce size of fibroids?

Answer 40

GnRH analogue

Question 41

HRT cancer risk?

Answer 41

1. BREAST 2. cervical

Question 42

how often should seomone with HIV receieve a cervical smear?

Answer 42

12 monthly

Question 43

1st line tx for endometrial cancer in post-menopause?

Answer 43

hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy

Question 44

COCP cancer risk?

Answer 44

Breast cervical

Question 45

which cancers are COCP protective agasint?

Answer 45

endometrial ovarian

Question 46

tx for PMS?

Answer 46

1st COCP 2 low dose SSRI

Question 47

when can hormonal contraception be taken after emergency contraception

Answer 47

immediately

Question 48

patient missed 2 pills on week 1/ 'withdraw week'?

Answer 48

requires emergency contraception