Renal/ Uro high yield Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Non-seminoma tumour marker
A
beta-hCG
2
Q
testicular tumour most likely to mets
A
non-seminoma
3
Q
electrolyte imbalance after TURP?
A
hyponatraemia
4
Q
BAD complication following TURP?
A
TURP syndrome
5
Q
- confusion
- agitation
- headaches
- drowsiness
- hypertension
following prostate surgery
A
TURP syndrome
- treat with hypertonic saline
6
Q
sclerotic lesion mets?
A
osteoblastic lesion - prostatic cancer
7
Q
1st line treatment for minimal change?
A
prednisolone
8
Q
2nd line tx for minimal change disease?
A
ciclosporin
9
Q
good prognosis for IgA nephropathy?
A
macroscopic haematuria - early stage disease
10
Q
electrolyte imbalance seen in CKD?
A
hypocalcaemia
hyperphosphataemia
(hyponatraemia)
11
Q
- raised PTH
- low Ca
- low vit D
- raised phosphate
A
secondary hyperparathyroidism
12
Q
blood film following HUS?
A
schistocytes - MAHA
13
Q
HUS triad?
A
- MAHA schistocytes
- thrombocytopenia
- AKI
14
Q
1st line bacterial prostatitis
A
ciprofloxacin 500mg BD
15
Q
painless urine retention
following by nocturia
A
chronic retention picture
16
Q
Lab findings for rhabdo?
A
- raised LDH
- rasied CK
- raised creatinine
- hypocalcaemia
17
Q
recurrent UTIs followed by restrictive lung disease?
A
nitro for UTI prophylaxis
long term - Pulmonary fibrosis
18
Q
surgical stone removal in pregnancy?
A
ureteroscopic
19
Q
when should undescended testes be referred?
A
by 6 months
corrected at 6-18mnths
20
Q
RTA type?
- metabolic acidosis
- hyperkalaemia
- background CKD
A
RTA 4
21
Q
cant pull a retracted foreskin back over the glans?
A
paraphimosis
22
Q
cannot retract foreskin over glans of penis?
A
phimosis
23
Q
inflammed glans of penis
foreskin still retractable
A
balanitis
24
Q
1st line ix for renal cancer?
A
renal USS
25
radiolucent stone on XR
fam hx
cystine stone
26
RTA type?
- hypochloraemic metabolic acidosis
- normal anion gap
RTA 1
27
causes of RTA 1?
- nephrocalcinosis/ recurrent stones
- rheumatoid
28
underlying cause of RTA 4?
hypoaldosteronism
29
first line for acute bacterial prostatitis?
ciprofloxacin
30
when are surgical interventions for stones indicated?
- stone > 10mm
- obstruction (hydronephrosis)
- infection (pyelonephritis)
31
1st line investigation for prostate cancer?
1. multi MRI - LIKERT SCORE
2. then biopsy - GLEASON
32
enteric epididymo-orchitis tx?
- ofloxacin
- levofloxacin
33
testicular tumour causes gynaecomastia
leydig cell
34
testicular tumour causing raised b-hCG?
seminoma
teratoma
35
tumour marker not raised in seminoma?
AFP
36
Type of LUT symptom?
- urgency
- frequency
- nocturia
- urge incontinence
STORAGE
37
Type of LUT symptom?
- hesitancy
- weak stream/
intermittency
- straining
- incomplete emptying
- terminal dribbling
VOIDING
38
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
DETRUSOR OVERACTIVITY / OAB
storage
39
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
UTI
STORAGE (UTI irritates bladder)
40
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Bladder stones
STORAGE
41
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Parkinson/stroke (neurological)
STORAGE
42
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Stress Incontinence
"STORAGE" (not really but easy way to think about it)
43
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
BPH
VOIDING
44
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
urethral stricture
VOIDING
45
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
prostate cancer
VOIDING
46
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Neurogenic bladder
VOIDING
47
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
VOIDING - detrusor under activity
48
Electron microscopy:
arteriolar hyalinosis
diabetic nephropathy
49
EM:
subepithelial humps
Post-strep glomerulonephritis
50
EM
Diffuse GBM thickening
anti-GBM
51
EM:
foot-process effacement
minimal change disease
52
EM:
mesangiel fibrillary deposits
renal amyloidosis
53
treatment for priapism in sickle cell?
ischaemic priapism - aspiration
54
- terminal painful haematuria
- history of popping catheter balloons?
bladder calculi
55
1st line medical tx for URGE incontinence?
anti-muscarinics:
tolterodine
56
1st line medical tx for URGE incontinence IN ELDERLY?
Mirabegron - B3 agonist (avoid cholinergics)
57
urine retention cause following radical prostatectomy?
urethral stricture
58
type of incontinence following nocturia + high opiate use (eg palliative)
FUNCTIONAL incontinence - patient is incontinent due to sedation, cant physically travel to toilet
59
how old to refer for undescended testicle?
6 month:
fixed between 6-18 months
60
gold standard imaging for kidney cancer?
CT abdo/pelvis WITH CONTRAST
61
priapsim with 'soft glans'?
venous occlusion - blood cannot flow out
62
post-obstructive diuresis?
retention of >1000ml
can worsen AKI
63
1st line tx for post-renal AKI caused by stone?
urgent decompression + nephrostomy
64
Tx for clot retention after TURP?
cytoscopy + clot evacuation with diathermy
65
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- high plasma osmolality
- low urine osmolality
diabetes insipidus
66
salicylate poisoning ABG
raised anion gap
metabolic acidosis
67
ABG - compensation for aspirin overdose?
aspirin acts on respiration centre
cause hyperventilation
results in resp alkalosis (compensation)
68
prophylaxis for nephrotic syndrome?
LMWH - enoxaparin (increased VTE risk)
69
Ix for CKD/ diabetic nephropathy?
early morning ACR
70
diarrhoea ABG?
normal anion gap
metabolic acidosis
hypokalaemia
71
cause of death in CKD?
ischaemic heart disease
72
test to differentiate between CKD and AKI?
USS of urinary tract - small kidneys
73
indications for haemodialysis in AKI?
- pulmonary oedema
- pH < 7.15
- refractive hyperkalaemia
- uraemia: pericarditis + encephalitis
74
- big raised UREA
- raised Na
- normal creatinine
Dehydration
75
which renal acting drug:
Na+/H+ exchange?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
76
which renal acting drug:
Na+/Cl- co-transport?
thiazide diuretic
77
which renal acting drug:
Na+/K+ exchange?
K sparing diuretic
78
1st line antibiotic for asymptomatic bacturia in pregnancy 3rd trimester?
1. trimethoprim
2. cefalexin
79
is contrast used in CT stone search?
NO
80
which glucose transporter?
- distal 2/3rd of proximal tubule
- high affinity, low capacity
- hence 10% of glucose absorbed
SGLT-1
81
which glucose transporter?
- proximal 1/3rd of proximal tubule
- low affinity, high capacity
- 90% of glucose resorption
SGLT-2
82
adverse drug reactions:
- dose independent
- unpredictable adverse effect
type B (rashes)
83
adverse drug reactions:
- dose dependent
- predictable adverse effect
Type A - gentamicin
84
adverse drug reactions:
chronic effect
Type C: steroids causing cushings
85
adverse drug reactions:
delayed effects
Type D: chemo causing malignancy years later
86
adverse drug reactions:
ending of treatment effect
Type E:
abrupt withdrawal of steroids causing cushings
87
common drug reaction:
contraindicated with PPI?
clopidogrel
88
common drug reaction:
contraindicated with macrolide abx?
statin
89
yellow card scheme?
suspected or adverse drug reaction
90
black triangle in BNF?
med no longer used in practice
91
timeframe for a contrast induced nephropathy?
3 days
92
which part of the kidney does this drug act?:
K sparing diuretic
distal tubule
collecting duct
93
which part of the kidney does this drug act?:
thiazide diuretic
distal tubule
94
which part of the kidney does this drug act?:
loop diuretic
thick ascending LoH
95
which part of the kidney does this drug act?:
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
proximal tubule +
distal tubule
96
