Neuro high yield Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
aphasia caused by lesion in superior temporal gyrus
A
Wernickes
2
Q
Function of wernickes?
A
‘forms’ speech before ‘sending’ it
3
Q
- sentences that dont make sense
- word salad
- comprehension impaired
A
Wernkickes
4
Q
receptive aphasia?
A
wernickes aphasia
5
Q
lesion in inferior frontal gyrus
A
Broca’s aphasia
6
Q
- speech is non fluent
- laboured
- repetition impaired
- comprehension normal
A
Broca’s
7
Q
expressive aphasia?
A
Broca’s aphasia
8
Q
function of arcuate fasciculus?
A
connection between wernickes and Broca’s area
9
Q
cause of conduction aphasia?
A
stroke in arcuate fasiculus
10
Q
- speech is fluent
- repetition is poor
- pt aware
- comprehension is normal
A
conductiva aphasia
11
Q
severe expressive and receptive aphasia
A
global aphasia
12
Q
back pain/ leg tingling that improve with leaning forward
A
disc herniation
13
Q
neuropathy caused by disc herniation
A
radiculopathy
14
Q
- dementia
- ‘magnetic’ (abnormal) gait
- incontinence
A
normal pressure hydrocephalus
15
Q
dilated lateral ventricles on CT, loss of sulci
A
normal pressure hydrocephalus
16
Q
Tx for NPH?
A
LP - symptomatic relief
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
17
Q
- contralateral loss of pain + temp
- ipsilateral bulbar - hoarseness
- verstibulocerebellar: multidirectional nystagmus
- ipsilateral autonomic - Horners
A
Lateral medullary syndrome
18
Q
wallenburg?
A
laterally medullary syndrome
19
Q
cause of lateral medullary syndrome?
A
PICA
posterior-inferior-cerebellar-infarct
20
Q
Brocas
A
inferior frontal gyrus
21
Q
wernickes
A
superior temporal
22
Q
Parkinsonism:
- asymmetric tremor
- gaze palsy
- early postural instability
- no autonomy dys
A
progressive supranuclear palsy
23
Q
Parkinsonism + autonomic dysfunction + cerebellar
A
MSA
24
Q
prophylaxis for cluster
A
verapamil
25
huntingtons cause?
CAG repeat expansion in HTT gene
26
most important test in MG
FVC
27
1st line guillian barre
IV Immunoglobulin
28
2nd line guillian barre
plasma exchange (plasmapheresis)
29
2nd stroke prevention?
aspirin + clopidogrel
statin
30
alpha-synuclein cytoplasmic inclusions?
Lewy bodies
31
Investigations for SAH?
1. within 6 hr: CT head
2. after 12 hrs: LP
3. CT angio
32
triptans MOA?
5-HT receptor agonist
bind to serotonin receptors
33
inverted champagne bottle
+ loss of ankle dorsiflexion
CMT
34
imaging for TIA/
Diffusion weighted MRI
35
med given for dyskinesia caused by levodopa?
amantadine
36
symptoms of autonomic dysfunction
postural hypo
constipation
diaphoresis
sexual dysfunction
37
hyper dense bi convex
extradural
38
hyperdesnce bi concave signal
subdural
39
type A Beta-amyloid protein + neurofibrillary tangles
alzheimers
40
neural tube defects
sodium valproate during pregnancy
41
most common inherited gene for CMT
CMT1a
42
imaging for Parkinson's?
DAT scan
43
headache:
- worse at night
- on coughing
- bending forward
- vomit
raised ICP cause
44
Macdonald criteria
MS diagnosis
45
"locked in" syndrome
basillar stroke
complete loss of limb movements,
only retained vertical gaze
46
palsy associated with tonsillar herniation
abducens / CN VI
47
small hand muscle paralysis + horners syndrome?
Klumpke's palsy /
lower brachial plexus dmg
48
GCS: V -
Grunts/ groans
score - 2
49
GCS: Eyes -
open to pain
score - 2
50
GCS: Eyes -
open to speech
score - 3
51
GCS: motor -
flexes AWAY from pain
score - 4
52
GCS: motor -
abnormal flexure / decorticate posture
score - 3
53
GCS: motor -
extension in respone to pain
score - 2
54
severe hypertension
flushing
bradycardia
autonomic dysreflexia
55
causes of autonomic dysreflexia
CONSTIPATION
C - spine injury
56
MS type, flares return to normal baseline, even if relapses are increasing in frequency?
relapsing- remitting
57
- tremor when arms outstretched
- soft + shaky voice?
benign essential tremor
58
DVLA:
1st seizure, no epilepsy diagnosis
6 months until can drive again
59
DVLA
seizure + diagnosis of epilepsy?
1 year seizure free before can drive
60
imaging for stroke?
NON CONTRAST CT Head
61
bilateral axillary freckles
neurofibromatosis type 1
62
which nerve palsy is caused by IIH?
CN III
63
cause of cushing reflex?
raised ICP
64
features of Cushing reflex?
bradycardia
hypertension
bradypnoea
65
Tx for cushings reflex?
1.therapeutic hyperventilation:
- raise CO2 levels
- cause cerebral vasoconstriction
- decrease ICP
2. IV mannitol/ hypertonic saline
66
- severely reduced GCS
- quad paralysis
- pin point pupils
pontine haemorrhage
67
cause of subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord?
B12 deficiency
68
empty delta sign on venography?
sagital sinus thrombus
69
positive Hoffman's sign?
degenerative cervical myelopathy
70
treatment for cervical myelopathy?
surgical decompression
71
abx increasing risk of IIH?
tetracycline
72
test for 'young stroke' (under 55) with no obvious cause?
thrombophilia + APS screening
73
young patient
"cape-like" loss of pain and temperature?
+ lower motor neurone weakness in arms
syringomyelia
74
medication which can trigger subacute degeneration of spinal cord?
folic acid
75
- loss of properiocetion
- loss of vibration
- muscle weakness
- hyperreflexia
subacute degeneration of spinal cord
76
treatment of myasthenic crisis?
plasmaphoresis + IV Igs
77
Ix for patient on DOAC with TIA?
non-contrast head CT to rule out bleed - EVEN IF TIA SYMPTOMS RESOLVED
78
'curtain like' loss of vision, resolved in under an hour?
amaurosis fugarax: retinal artery TIA
79
1st line drugs for Parkinsons <65 years old?
dopamine agonists:
- ropinirole
- pramipexole
- rotigotine
80
S/Es of dopamine agonists?
- impulse control (gambling)
- somnolence (wanting to sleep)
81
1st line Parkinsons drug > 65 years old?
Levodopa
82
adjunct therapy for Levodopa when motor fluctuations occur?
COMT inhibitor
- entacapone
83
MOA of COMT inhibitors?
block breakdown of levodopa in peripheral tissues
84
MOA of MAO-B inhibitors in Parkinsons?
inhibit breakdown of dopamine in brain
85
selegiline?
MAO-B inhibitor
86
rasagiline?
MAO-B inhibitor
87
S/E of MAO-B inhibitors?
- insomnia
- hypertensive crisis with tyramine foods - cheese
88
Where is the lesion?
LEFT SUPERIOR QUADRANTANOPIA:
Right temporal - optic radiation/ cortex
(PITS)
89
what is PITS - visual field defects?
Parietal -> inferior
Temporal -> superior
inferior quad: contralateral parietal lobe infarct
superior quad: contralateral temporal lobe infarct
90
