Gynae VIVAs

Question 1

RFs for ectopic pregnancy

Answer 1

maternal age
smoking
IUD
endometriosis
PID
TOP
previous Hx

Question 2

absolute CIs of COCP

Answer 2

migraine w. aura
breastfeeding <6 wks post partum
active breast cancer

Question 3

common SEs of sex hormones

Answer 3

progestogenic:
depression
PMS
bleeding
acne
weight gain

oestrogen:
headache
nausea
breast tenderness

Question 4

risks assoc. w. IUD/S

Answer 4

ectopic
pain
perforation
expulsion
infection
PID

Question 5

forms of sterilisation

Answer 5

female:
Filshie clips
transcervical sterilisation
hysterectomy

male:
vasectomy

Question 6

define FGM

Answer 6

partial/total removal of external genitalia +/- injury to genital organs for cultural/religious/non-therapeutic reasons

Question 7

types of FGM

Answer 7

1: clitoris
2: clitoris + partial/total removal of labia
3: infibulation (stitching)
4: other

Question 8

countries where FGM is common

Answer 8

Nigeria
Eritrea
Somalia

Question 9

causes of PV bleeding

Answer 9

cancer
fibroids
endometriosis
PID
cervical ectropion

Question 10

types of endometrial cancer

Answer 10

mucinous
serous
secretory
endometrioid
clear cell

Question 11

RFs for endometrial cancer

Answer 11

obesity
nulliparity
early menarche/late menopause
unopposed oestrogen
DM
PCOS
HNPCC
tamoxifen

Question 12

frequency of cervical cancer screening

Answer 12

25-49: every 3 years
50-64: every 5 years

Question 13

what is a uterine fibroid

Answer 13

benign smooth muscle tumour - leiomyoma

Question 14

types of fibroids

Answer 14

submucosal
intramural
subserosal

Question 15

how common are fibroids

Answer 15

1 in 3 women will develop at some point in their life

Question 16

endometriosis vs fibroids

Answer 16

endometriosis: dysmenorrhoea
dyspareunia
pain w. bowel movements
intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding

Question 17

causes of dysmenorrhoea

Answer 17

endometriosis
adenomyosis
PID
fibroids

Question 18

how can fibroids affect pregnancy

Answer 18

abnormal lie
red degeneration

Question 19

risks of HRT

Answer 19

VTE
stroke
CHD
breast + ovarian cancer

Question 20

types of HRT

Answer 20

combined
oral/transdermal
cyclic/continuous

Question 21

CIs for HRT

Answer 21

pregnancy
undxed abnormal PV bleeding
active breast/endometrial cancer
active thromboembolic disease
acute liver disease

Question 22

which cancers in females have national screening programmes

Answer 22

breast and cervical

Question 23

define miscarriage

Answer 23

spontaneous end of pregnancy before 24 weeks

Question 24

threatened miscarriage vs missed miscarriage

Answer 24

no foetal heartbeat in missed

Question 25

causes of recurrent miscarriage

Answer 25

antiphospholipid syndrome clotting disorders anatomical defects

Question 26

define ectopic pregnancy

Answer 26

implantation outside uterine cavity

Question 27

define complete mole

Answer 27

empty egg fertilised by 1/2 sperm that duplicates no foetal matter

Question 28

define partial mole

Answer 28

normal egg fertilised by 2 sperm foetal matter

Question 29

most dangerous complication of partial mole

Answer 29

choriocarcinoma

Question 30

what can be given to ripen cervix before suction + curettage

Answer 30

prostaglandins

Question 31

incidence of molar pregnancy

Answer 31

1 in 600

Question 32

dxic criteria for PCOS

Answer 32

2/3 of: amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea hyperandrogenism polycystic ovaries (≥12)

Question 33

causes of secondary amenorrhoea

Answer 33

Sheehan's Asherman's low BMI cervical stenosis lactational pregnancy

Question 34

define secondary amennorhea

Answer 34

absence of menstruation for >6months in absence of pregnancy in women who have previously menstruated

Question 35

PCOS complications

Answer 35

infertility DM CVD

Question 36

PID complications

Answer 36

infertility ectopic pregnancy sepsis Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Question 37

high vaginal swab vs endocervical swab

Answer 37

endocervical: chlamydia, gonorrhoea high vaginal: anaerobes

Question 38

MC cause of abnormal vaginal discharge

Answer 38

bacterial vaginosis

Question 39

copper IUD SEs

Answer 39

expulsion infection heavy painful bleeding

Question 40

how long does the copper IUD last

Answer 40

5 or 10 years

Question 41

blood tests for suspected antiphospholipid syndrome

Answer 41

lupus anticoagulant anticardiolipin 2 +ive results 12 weeks apart required

Question 42

defince subfertility

Answer 42

failure to conceive after 12 months of regular UPSI

Question 43

causes of subfertility

Answer 43

idiopathic male factor PCOS endometriosis adhesions surgery/chemo blocked tubes

Question 44

causes of premature ovarian failure

Answer 44

idiopathic autoimmune disease chemo/radio/surgery

Question 45

how does the number of eggs change with age

Answer 45

birth: 1million puberty: 300,000 300-400 ovulated

Question 46

causative organism of thrush

Answer 46

candida albicans

Question 47

RFs for thrush

Answer 47

abx immunocompromised diabetes pregnancy

Question 48

characteristic speculum finding for trichomonas

Answer 48

strawberry cervix

Question 49

RFs for vaginal prolapse

Answer 49

obesity chronic cough chronic constipation connective tissue disorders

Question 50

complex of muscles that makes up bulk of perineum

Answer 50

levator ani

Question 51

components of levator ani

Answer 51

puborectalis pubococcygeus ileococcygeus

Question 52

categories of uterine prolapse

Answer 52

1: upper half of vagina 2: lower half of vagina 3: protrudes out of Introits 4: complete inversion