GZOO Digestive System Flashcards by Leila Apostol

Which of the following is the digestive system not used for?
Ingestion of food
B Digestion of food
C 
Absorption of digested food
D
 Making energy from undigested food
E none of the above

D. (It should be Elimination of undigested food, Ingestion of food, Digestion of food, Absorption of digested food

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The alimentary tract is also called the _______

GI tract or gastrointestinal tract

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True or false

The walls of the GI or alimentary tract is made up of five layers or tunics.

False.

The walls of the GI or alimentary tract is made up of FOUR layers or tunics.

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The layers of tunics that make up the wall of GI or alimentary tract is the following (from innermost to outermost):
A tunica submucosa, tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, tunica serosa
B tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, tunica serosa
C tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica serosa, tunica muscularis
D tunica mucosa, tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, tunica submucosa

B tunica MUCosa, tunica SUBmucosa, tunica MUScularis, tunica SERosa

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Conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach by peristalsis.

About 25 cm long and 0.13 cm in diameter.

Secretes mucus and facilitates passageway of food.

Esophagus

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Deciduous teeth start developing during the embryonic stage and then commonly begin to come in about 6 months after birth. There are typically 20 primary teeth — 10 upper and 10 lower. Which of the following is not deciduous teeth?
A baby teeth
B milk teeth
C primary teeth
D secondary teeth

D Secondary teeth

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Deciduous teeth: 20, 6 mo-2yr; Permanent teeth: ________

32, 6 yr-12yr

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Which of the following is a part of permanent teeth?
A canine (cuspid)
B lateral and central incisor
C first and second molars
D premolars

D premolars

Permanent teeth:
(6 – 12 yrs)
32

Central incisor
Lateral incisor
Canine
First premolar

Second premolar
First molar

Second molar
Third molar (wisdom tooth)

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One of the two subdivisions of oral cavity which is the space between lips and cheeks and teeth

Vestibule

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One of the two subdivisions of oral cavity which is the space enclosed by the teeth

Oral cavity proper

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Along hollow tube extending from the mouth to the anus.

Alimentary tract or GI Tract

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Which are located outside the tube but secretions of which are being emptied in the lumen of the tract.

Accessory digestive organs

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One of the three salivary glands which location is the floor of the oral cavity under the tongue
A Parotid gland (Stensen’s duct)
B Submandibular gland (Wharton’s duct)
C Sublingual gland (Ducts of rivinus/Bartholin’s duct)

floor of the oral cavity under the tongue

C Sublingual gland (Ducts of rivinus/Bartholin’s duct

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One of the three salivary glands which location is below the ear

A Parotid gland (Stensen’s duct)
B Submandibular gland (Wharton’s duct)
C Sublingual gland (Ducts of rivinus/Bartholin’s duct)

Below the ear:
Parotid gland (Stensen's duct)

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One of the three salivary glands which location is the floor of the oral cavity close to the angle of the jaw
A Parotid gland (Stensen’s duct)
B Submandibular gland (Wharton’s duct)
C Sublingual gland (Ducts of rivinus/Bartholin’s duct)

floor of the oral cavity close to the angle of the jaw

B Submandibular gland (Wharton’s duct)

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___ is secreted by the liver and is important for emulsifying fats prior to digestion and serves as a medium for excretion of cholesterol and bile pigments.

Bile

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Found posterior to the stomach and behind peritonium

Large lobulated gland which is both an endocrine and exocrine gland

Where insulin is produced.

A Pancreas
B Gall bladder
C Liver
D Esophagus

A Pancreas

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Stores bile produced by liver

A Pancreas
B Gall bladder
C Liver
D Esophagus

B Gall bladder

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Islets of Langerhans are groups of pancreatic cells which secretes the following except for

A glucagon
B insulin
C monosaccharides
D protein polypeptides

C monosaccharides

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Secretes enzymes and juices that aids in digestion

A Pancreas
B Gall bladder
C Liver
D Esophagus

A Pancreas

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Which is not a function of the liver

A Detoxification of various substances
B Inhibits gastric secretion
C Metabolism of Fat, Protein, Carbohydrates
D Vitamin Metabolism

B Inhibits gastric secretion

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Hormonal control of secretion

Mucosa cells of stomach, stimulate gland to release gastric juice

A Gastrin
B Secretin
C Cholycytoskinin
D Pancreozymin
E Entrogastrone

A Gastrin

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Hormone which action is to stimulate gall bladder to contract in order to release stored bile

A Gastrin
B Secretin
C Cholycytoskinin
D Pancreozymin
E Entrogastrone

C Cholycytoskinin

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Hormone which action is to stimulate pancreas to release pancreatic juice

A Gastrin
B Secretin
C Cholycytoskinin
D Pancreozymin
E Entrogastrone

D Pancreozymin

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Hormone that inhibits gastric secretion ``` A Gastrin B Secretin C Cholycytoskinin D Pancreozymin E Entrogastrone ```

E Entrogastrone

Mucosa cells of small intestine, hormone that stimulates goblet cells to secrete intestinal juice ``` A Gastrin B Secretin C Cholycytoskinin D Pancreozymin E Entrogastrone ```

B Secretin

Calcified material that covers the dentin of crown ``` Dentin Enamel Crown Root Neck ```

Enamel

Principal part of teeth, also called cervix, found between crown and root ``` Dentin Enamel Crown Root Neck ```

Neck

Anchors the teeth, principal part of teeth, also called radix, projects BELOW GUM ``` Dentin Enamel Crown Root Neck ```

Root

Also called corona, principal part of teeth which projects ABOVE GINGIVA or gums ``` Dentin Enamel Crown Root Neck ```

Crown

Surrounding the central pulp cavity in both crown and root ``` Dentin Enamel Crown Root Neck ```

Dentin

Visceral peritoneum. It is a single layer squamous epithelium which secretes a small amount of serous lubricating fluid which reduces friction among the GI tract organs and the body wall. Tunica serosa Tunica muscularis Tunica submucosa Tunica mucosa

Tunica serosa

Consists of lining epithelium, lamina propia, muscularis mucosae, secretory absorptive and protective Tunica serosa Tunica muscularis Tunica submucosa Tunica mucosa

Tunica mucosa

Functions as nutritive and protective since it is a vascular layer of connective tissue with lymphatic vessels and scattered lymph nodes and nerve fibers Tunica serosa Tunica muscularis Tunica submucosa Tunica mucosa

Tunica submucosa

``` Which of the following is an accessory digestive organ? A Liver B Pancreas C Gall bladder D Salivary glands E All of the above ```

E All of the above

Which is not part of GI tract or alimentary tract Mouth Salivary glands Pharynx Esophagus

Salivary glands

Usually a bilayer of muscle, with a deeper oriented circulatory and an outer oriented longitudinally. In the stomach, a third inner oblique layer of muscle is present. Tunica serosa Tunica muscularis Tunica submucosa Tunica mucosa

Tunica muscularis

With flat surface for crushing and grinding

Teeth (specifically molar)

Gastric gland in the stomach for secreting HCL and intrinsic factor G cell Chief cell Parietal cell Mucus neck cell

Parietal cell

Gastric cell in stomach that secretes gastrin G cell Chief cell Parietal cell Mucus neck cell

G cell

Pepsinogen-secreting gastric gland in the stomach G cell Chief cell Parietal cell Mucus neck cell

Chief cell

Gastric gland in stomach that secretes mucus G cell Chief cell Parietal cell Mucus neck cell

Mucus neck cell

Nearly all food absorption occurs in this part of alimentary tract

Small intestine

Longest part of small intestine Duodenum Ileum Jejunum

Duodenum

Found after ileum and before anus

Large intestine

Lobes of liver

2 major: left lobe and right lobe (right is bigger) | 2 minor: quadrate (upper) lobe, caudate (lower) lobe

One of the three peritoneal attachment of liver which attaches right lobe to diaphragm Falciform ligament Coronary ligament Left triangular ligament

Coronary ligament

One of the three peritoneal attachment of liver which attached liver to superior abdominal wall Falciform ligament Coronary ligament Left triangular ligament

Falciform ligament

One of the three peritoneal attachment of liver which attached left lobe to the diaphragm Falciform ligament Coronary ligament Left triangular ligament

Left triangular ligament

Main function is to secrete bile

Liver

Functions: 1. absorption of water 2. production of Vitamin K 3. storage of undigested food materials 4. formation and excretion of fecal materials

Large intestine

3 Structural modification in small intestine that increase absorptive area

Villi Microvilli Plicae circulares/valves of kerkring

Structural modification in small intestine that increase absorptive area which is Deep folds of mucosa and submucosa. Villi Microvilli Plicae circulares/valves of kerkring

Plicae circulares/valves of kerkring

Structural modification in small intestine that increase absorptive area that is finger-like projection of the mucosa that gives a velvety appearance and texture. Villi Microvilli Plicae circulares/valves of kerkring

Villi

Structural modification in small intestine that increase absorptive area which is minute projections of the surface plasma membrane of the cells in the lining epithelium. Villi Microvilli Plicae circulares/valves of kerkring

Microvilli

Common passage for food fluid and air

Pharynx

Physically break down food into smaller pieces

Stomach

Found on left side of abdominal cavity

Stomach

Located behind nasal cavity Oropharynx Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx

Nasopharynx

Behind larynx Oropharynx Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx

Laryngopharynx

Behind oral cavity Oropharynx Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx

Oropharynx

Contains largest amount of taste buds

Vallate

Found in oral cavity proper, most numerous with pointed ends

Filiform

Larger, rounded, with some taste buds structure in oral cavity proper

Fungiform

Found in dorsum of tongue

Papillae

divided into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by the sulcus terminalis.

Tongue

Tricuspids. lie behind the premolars Incisor Canine Premolar Molar

Molar

Located directly behind the front part of lips. Chisel-shaped for cutting of food. Incisor Canine Premolar Molar

Incisor

cuspids, lateral or at the sides of incisors. Have conical crown for grasping and tearing of food. Incisor Canine Premolar Molar

Canine

Bicuspids, posterolateral to the canines. Have square ovoid crown with flat upper surface for crushing. Incisor Canine Premolar Molar

Premolar

Expanded region lateral to cardiac region ``` Cardiac region Fundus Pylorus Greater curvature Lesser curvature Cardiac notch Angular notch ```

Fundus

Convex lateral border ``` Cardiac region Fundus Pylorus Greater curvature Lesser curvature Cardiac notch Angular notch ```

Greater curvature

Convex medial border ``` Cardiac region Fundus Pylorus Greater curvature Lesser curvature Cardiac notch Angular notch ```

Lesser curvature

area surrounding the point of entry of food in the stomach ``` Cardiac region Fundus Pylorus Greater curvature Lesser curvature Cardiac notch Angular notch ```

Cardiac region

Terminal part, continuous wuth small intestine ``` Cardiac region Fundus Pylorus Greater curvature Lesser curvature Cardiac notch Angular notch ```

Pylorus

Sharp angle found on lesser curvature ``` Cardiac region Fundus Pylorus Greater curvature Lesser curvature Cardiac notch Angular notch ```

Angular notch

Sharp angle between esophagus and fundus ``` Cardiac region Fundus Pylorus Greater curvature Lesser curvature Cardiac notch Angular notch ```

Cardiac notch

Wall of alimentary canal consists of 4 ____

Tunics or layers

Pathway of food in alimentary canal

Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus

GZOO Digestive System Flashcards

(79 cards)