H4 - End of WWII and Cold War

Question 1

Nuremberg trials

Answer 1

Nov 20th 1945 - Oct 1st 1946

They were organized by the Allied powers to prosecute leading Nazi officials for:

• Crimes against peace (starting a war),
• War crimes (violating the rules of war),
• Crimes against humanity (genocide, mass murder, etc.).

Question 2

Tokyo trials

Answer 2

May 1946 - November 1948

to prosecute Japanese leaders for war crimes committed during World War II

Question 3

UN created

Answer 3

1945

previously was the league of nations

Question 4

Atlantic charter

Answer 4

August 1941

The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration made by Winston Churchill and FDR outlining their vision for the world after World War II.

It included principles like:

• No territorial expansion
• No territorial changes without consent
• Self-determination for all peoples
• Freedom of the seas
• Economic cooperation and social welfare
• Disarmament of aggressor nations

Question 5

Bretton Woods conference (44 countries)

Answer 5

July 1944

Allied nations met to create a new international economic system for the post-World War II world.

• Establishing the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to stabilize currencies and provide financial support.
• Creating the World Bank to help rebuild war-torn countries and promote development.
• Setting up a system of fixed exchange rates where currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar, which was convertible to gold.

Question 6

Yalta conference

Answer 6

February 1945

Between FDR, Churchill and Stalin to discuss Germany’s faith

Question 7

Potsdam conference

Answer 7

July 1945

between the Allied leaders: Truman, Churchill and Stalin

*Finalizing the post-war administration of Germany, including dividing it into occupation zones

Question 8

The “Iron curtain”

Answer 8

Term popularized by Winston Churchill in a 1946 speech to describe the dividing line between the Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe and the Western democratic countries after World War II

“The iron cutrain that has descended across Europe” -Churchill

Question 9

Beginning of the Cold War

Answer 9

1947

Question 10

Marshall Plan

Answer 10

1947 ($17B)

Question 11

Molotov Plan

Answer 11

1947

Question 12

The Berlin Blockade

Answer 12

1948-1949

was a Soviet attempt to cut off all land and rail access to West Berlin, which was controlled by the U.S., Britain, and France, during the early Cold War

Question 13

China becomes communist

Answer 13

1949

Question 14

Korean war

Answer 14

1950-53

Question 15

Truman replaces FDR

Answer 15

1945

Question 16

Eisenhower replaces Truman

Answer 16

1953

Question 17

The creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organizatio)

Answer 17

1949

military alliance formed in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and several Western European countries.

if one member is attacked, it’s considered an attack against all members, prompting a united military response

Question 18

Warsaw Pacrt

Answer 18

1955

military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite states (like East Germany, Poland, Hungary, and others)

created as a response to NATO, to unite communist countries’ armed forces under Soviet control during the Cold War

Question 19

Sino-Soviet treaty

Answer 19

1950

Between the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union.
USSR promised military and economic support to China, and both agreed to mutual defense if either was attacked

but tensions later grew, leading to the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s

Question 20

Pactomania

Answer 20

Forming numerous military and political alliances around the world to contain the spread of communism

(late 1940s–1950s)

Question 21

Red Scare

Answer 21

Period of intense fear of communism in the United States:

• During the early Cold War, fear of Soviet espionage and communist influence spread.
• Led by Senator McCarthy, it involved aggressive investigations and blacklisting of government workers, artists, and others.
• Marked by paranoia, censorship, and violations of civil liberties.