H5 - The emergence of the developing world Flashcards
(32 cards)
Atlantic Charter (1941)
(US-UK): the right of self-determination
= every nation should decide their government
Brazzaville conference
1944 (France-Africa)
- Rejected full independence for colonies but promised reforms.
- Called for greater rights for colonial subjects (e.g., representation, education, local governance).
- Aimed to transform the French Empire into a more inclusive French Union.e
5th Pan-African Conference
1945 in Manchester
-1st time decolonization was the goal
- racial discrimination
- economic opportunities
- human rights
Fight to influence the newly independent countries
US and USSR are for self-determination // anti-imperialist theory
Each newly independent. country could be capitalist pr communist
ex: Vietnam (war)
2 waves of decolonization
Asia: 1945-1955
Africa: 1954-1965
Containment policy
The US will not fight for the colonies but against Communism
Alliances
US:
- …
- …
USSR:
- …
- …
US:
- Saudi Arabia
- Turkiye
USSR:
- Yemen
- Egypt
Pres. Nasser announces the nationnalization of the Suez Canal
1956
(used to be France’s and UK’s)
Oct 1956
Israël sent their troops under French and British demand to invade an area called Sinai
France and UK send their own troops to attack and defeat Egypt
November 6th 1956
Nasser then decides to block the suez canal = sabotage (less oil in the world = oil rationning)
Nov 23rd 1956
Total withdrawl of the French and British troops after US and USSR told them to let it go = ANTI-IMPERIALISM
European countries developed their nuclear power to stop being dependant on the US & oil
1950-60s
The creation of OPEC
1960, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
- independance (dep. on European trade)
= tool of power: decide the price of oil
Consequences:
- UK and FR ose their geopolitical power
The creation of the state of Israel
1948
zionism = will to create a jewish state
waves of migration bc of antisemitism in Europe
Division of the state in 2
Palestine/Israel, 1948
= new geopolitical order after WW2
Nakba (disaster)
100 000 palestinians had to flee the territory
Israeli declaration of independence
May 14th 1948
May 15th 1948
a day after Israel’s independence
Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq invaded Israel
Israel won the war : controlled 80% of the territory prior leaving the Gaza strip
The Six-Day War
June 1967
won by Israel
- Nasser decided to invade Israel
- Israel couner-attacked Egypt, Syria and Jordan (occupy Sinai region in Egypt to show their power)
Tsahal (Israeli army) = very strong
The Yom Kippur War
1973
- Syrian + Egyptian attack on Oct. 6th
- By Oct. 25th, UN asks for cease-fire
- Israel did not win but did not loose any territory either
What did the OPEC (Organization of Pertoleum Exporting Countries) decide to do after that
They put an embargo on the U.S. and other nations that supported Israel.
This caused an energy crisis, with oil shortages and high prices in the West.
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
The US and USSR supported self-determination - but also tried to attract newly freed countries to their ideology
Options for those countries:
- pick a side
- play balance btwn the 2
- refuse division (way to assert + expand their power regionally) = success bc of charismatic leaders (Nasser, Nerhu, Sukaro)
Creation of the 3rd World
1950s
= all decolonized countries that did not align with the US or USSR
The Bangdung Conference
1955
Meeting of Asian and African countries held in Bandung, Indonesia
= To promote solidarity, independence, and cooperation among newly independent nations and to oppose colonialism, racism, and Cold War alignment.
