Haematology - Anaemia

Question 1

What is Thalassaemia

What does it not produce enough of

Answer 1

Inherited blood disorder where the body does not produce enough of the protein haemolglobin

Question 2

What are the two causes of Microcytic anaemia

Answer 2

Thalassaemias (common genetic disorder)

Iron deficiency as a result of blood loss

Question 3

In Microcytic anaemia what are the 3 ways iron deficiency develop

Answer 3

1. Poor dietary intake (veg/vegans)
2. Malabsorption (e.g. crohns)
3. Increased loss (e.g. IBS)

Question 4

Oral manifestations of iron deficiency anaemia

List 5:

Answer 4

• Angular stomatitis
• Glossitis
• Oral ulceration
• Burning mouth
• Peripheral neuropathies

Question 5

What is the normal MCV range

What is the normal HB range in female and males

Answer 5

MCV: 80-95 fl
Female: 120/160 g/L
Males: 130/180 g/L

Question 6

What is Normocytic anaemia and what is it associated with?

Answer 6

Anaemia with a low haemoglobin range but MCV is the normal range
Anaemia of chronic disease.
Associated with: Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis)
Chronic infection and renal disease

Question 7

What is Macrocytic anaemia and causes

Answer 7

MCV levels are greater than 100fl
Mainly Vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency or both
Can be due to alcoholism + drugs

Question 8

Macrocytic anaemia is divided into which two catergories

Answer 8

Normoblastic erythropoiesis - normal red cell maturation
Megaloblastic erythropiesis - abnormal red cell development (due to disordered folate DNA synthesis/vit B12 deficiency)

Folate is essential for DNA synthesis

Question 9

What is the MCV range for:
Microcytic:
Normocytic:
Macrocytic:

Answer 9

Microcytic: 70 MCV
Normocytic: 80 MCV
Macrocytic: 105 MCV

Question 10

Causes of Megaloblastic erythroiesis

Answer 10

Malabsorption
Pregnancy
Drugs
Liver disease

Question 11

Causes of Normoblastic erythropoiesis

Answer 11

Alcohol excess
Liver dysfunction
Drugs

Question 12

What is sickle cell anaemia

Answer 12

Inherited blood disorder change shape of red blood cells which carry oxygen to the cells
(autosomal recessive, chronic haemolytic disorder)

Question 13

Dental relevance of sickle cell anaemia

Radiographic features

Answer 13

• Oral pain
• Trigeminal neuropathy
• Osteomyelitis
• Hypomineralised denitition
  Radiographic:
• dense lamina dura
• Hypercementosis
• Radio-opacities

Question 14

What 2 anaemias can be complicate procedures under GA

Answer 14

Thalassaemia

Sickle cell anaemia

Question 15

Which anaesthesia should be avoided?

Answer 15

Prilocaine