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MRCPCH > Haematology and Oncology - TAS > Flashcards

Haematology and Oncology - TAS Flashcards

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1
Q

WWhich rash is associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome?

A

Livedo Reticularis

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2
Q

What is the treatment of ITP?

A

Conservative management - apt bloods in 10 days
Tx w/ high dose steroid therapy if mucosal bleeding is present
IVIg or platelet transfusion can be used if life threatening/ intracranial bleeding present

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3
Q

Which condition generally presents with petechiae, bruising or purpura developing over a 24-48 hour period?

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

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4
Q

Which medication has been shown to reduce the frequency of hospital admissions with bone pain in patients with sickle cell anaemia?

A

Hydroxyurea (a myelosuppressive agent?

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5
Q

What are Heinz bodies on a blood film suggestive of?

A

G6PD

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6
Q

Which condition presents with anaemia, jaundice and haemoglobinurea secondary to minutes/ hours of cold exposure?

A

Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinurea

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7
Q

Investigations for Ataxia Telengectasia?

A

Raised alpha-fetoprotein
Raised CEA levels
Immunoglobulin levels - generally low
Lymphocyte subsets

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8
Q

What is the preventative treatment for tumour lysis syndrome in patients who are at high risk?

A

Hydration (2-3 litres/ day)
Rasburicase (a recombinant uric oxidase)

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9
Q

Lytic lesions in the bone diaphysis suggests?

A

Ewing sarcoma

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10
Q

Lytic lesions in the bone metaphysis suggests?

A

Osteosarcoma

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11
Q

Scurvy is a deficiency of what?

A

Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C)

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12
Q

Name one of the most likely causes of neonatal jaundice in a child of Meditteranean descent?

A

G6PD

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13
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils are most commonly seen in?

A

Folate deficiency and B12 deficiency

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14
Q

Which medication is a cause of haemolysis in G6PD deficiency?

A

Co-trimoxazole

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15
Q

Name the 4 tumours of the posterior fossa?

A

Brainstem glioma
Ependymoma
Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma

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16
Q

Haemophilia A is a deficiency of which factor?

A

Factor VIII

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17
Q

Haemophilia B is a deficiency of which factor?

A

Factor IX

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18
Q

Prolonged bleeding time and prolonged APTT?

A

Von Willebrand Deficiency

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19
Q

Normal bleeding time, normal PT, prolonged APTT?

A

Haemophilia

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20
Q

A benign bone tumour, the pain from which classically improves with NSAIDs?

A

Osteoid Osteoma

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21
Q

Splenectomy immunisations?

A

Meningococcal vaccine
Influenza vaccine
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (in over 2 yrs)
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (in under 2 yrs)

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22
Q

For which three diseases is bone marrow transplant potentially curative?

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
SCID
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease

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23
Q

Causes of microcytic anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia
Chronic disease
Sideroblastic Anaemia
Lead poisoning

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24
Q

Causes of normocytic anaemia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Anaemia of chronic disease
Haemolysis

25
Causes of macrocytic anaemia?
B12 and folate deficiency Aplastic anaemia/ bone marrow failure Hypothyroidism Alcohol Liver disease Myelodysplasia
26
Target cells on a blood film are a sign of?
Iron deficiency anaemia Hyposplenism (post-splenectomy) Haemoglobinopathies (sickle cell disease or thalassaemia)
27
Anisocytosis (variation in the size of the erythrocytes) on a blood film is a sign of?
Iron deficiency anaemia Megaloblastic anaemia Thalassaemia
28
Howell-Jolly bodies (dense nuclear round remnants) on a blood film are a sign of?
Beta-thalassaemia Post-splenectomy
29
Spherocytes on blood film suggest?
Hereditary spherocytosis Immune Haemolytic anaemia Severe burns Post Transfusion
30
Basophilic Stippling on a blood film suggests?
Lead Poisoning Beta thalassaemia
31
Painless lymphadenopathy, raised ESR, eosinophilia and Reed Steinberg cells (owl eye appearance)?
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
32
What medications should be avoided in G6PD deficiency?
Fava beans Naphthalene Gas Aspirin Co-trimoxazole Chloroquine Nitrofurantoin Ascorbic acid
33
What is G6PD?
An x-linked condition - G6PD typically maintains glutathione in a reduced state and protects red blood cells from entering an oxidative state
34
What is the surgical prophylaxis for Von Willebrand Disease?
Desmopressin - increases the release of VWF and factor VIII
35
What part of the brain does the medulloblastoma arise from?
Cerebellum
36
What are the possible causes of mediastinal masses?
Thymus Thyroid Teratoma Terrible Lymphoma
37
What do the bloods in tumour lysis syndrome show?
Raised potassium, raised phosphate, low calcium and raised urate
38
What are the four features of Thalassaemia?
Target Cells Howell-Jolly Bodies Anisocytes Low MCV
39
What is the most common childhood cancer?
ALL
40
What is Schwachman-Black syndrome?
Exocrine pancreatic enzyme deficiency Bone marrow hypoplasia/ aplasia Constitutional short stature
41
What is Diamond Blackfan anaemia?
Inherited pure red cell aplasia Normocytic or macrocytic anaemia Congenital abnormalities - craniofacial, urogenital, skeletal Requires multiple packed red cell transfusions resulting in needed oral chelator due to iron overload secondary to multiple transfusions
42
What are the blood film findings post-splenectomy?
Target cells Howell jolly bodies Heinz bodies Pappenheimer bodies Thrombocytosis Contracted, smaller red blood cells Increase in leukocytes
43
What virus causes kaposi sarcoma?
Human herpes virus 8
44
Most common adverse reaction to packed red cells?
Pyrexia
45
Most common adverse reaction to FFP?
Urticaria
46
What gene is responsible for regulating cell cycle i.e. preventing entry in S phase until DNA has been checked and repaired?
p53
47
Which condition has a substitution of valine for glutamic acid (position 6 on the beta chain)?
Sickle cells disease
48
What is the order of mitosis?
Prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
49
Haemoglobin A =
2 alpha and 2 beta chains
50
Haemoglobin A2 =
2 alpha and 2 delta chains
51
The osmotic fragility test is positive in which conditions?
Thalassaemia and Hereditary spherocytosis
52
Which cells do glioma's originate from?
Neuroglial cells
53
Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with which antibodies?
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies
54
What stimulates platelet production?
Thrombopoietin
55
What is Bernard-Soulier syndrome a deficiency of?
Glycoprotein complex Ib-IX-V
56
Which substance keeps the blood soluble and prevents platelet activation in normal conditions?
Prostacyclin
57
Which clotting factors are most rapidly consumed in DIC?
Factor V + VIIII
58
Associated with haemophilia C?
Noonan syndrome

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