haemodynamic disorders Flashcards
oedema: recall the aetiological classification of oedema, and explain the possible consequences of oedema at different sites
define oedema
abnormal increase in interstitial fluid
contributors to oedema
increased hydrostatic pressure, salt and water retention, reduced plasma oncotic pressure, inflammation, lymphatic obstruction
location of fluid in generalised oedema
serous cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)
causes of generalised oedema
left heart failure, inflammation, venous hypertension, lymphatic obstruction
location of fluid in generalised pitting oedema and reason
widespread accumulation in subcutaneous tissues and serous cavities as gravity pulls fluid down caudally
types of localised oedema
pulmonary, cerebral
causes of localised oedema
congenitive heart failure, low protein content, nutritional oedema
pressure features of pulmonary oedema
oncotic pressure is greater than hydrostatic pressure; left heart failure increases hydrostatic pressure in capillary bed
where does fluid accumulate in pulmonary oedema and clinical significance
interstitial space then spills into alveola spaces, which predisposes to bacterial infection (e.g. pneumonia)
main symptom of pulmonary oedema
shortness of breath
2 types of cerebral oedema
vasogenic (increased permeability of capillaries and venules) and cytotoxic (derangement of Na+/K+ membrane pump)
