Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHEM358 Pharmacology > Haemostasis and Thrombosis > Flashcards

Haemostasis and Thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

Haemostasis is the prevention of ???from damaged blood vessels

A

blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Damage from a wound causes ???, adhesion and activation of platelets and formation of fibrin.

A

vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what forms a thrombosis?

A

Platelet activation and fibrin formation forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

three factors that predispose to thrombosis (Virchow triad): injury to the vessel wall, altered blood flow, and ???

A

abnormal coagulability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood coagulation involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by ??? (which can also cause platelet activation)

A

thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

??? is released following tissue damage to initiate blood coagulation

A

tissue factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

??? is a natural inhibitor of blood coagulation to prevent continual activation of this pathway

A

Antithrombin III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

??? is an inherited disorder of increased coagulability

A

Thrombophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

??? is an inherited disorder of decreased coagulability

A

Haemophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

??? is a disease comprised mainly of platelets and fibrin, and usually associated with atherosclerosis

A

Arterial thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Venous thrombosis (or ‘blood clot’): comprised mainly of RBCs and ???. Can move through blood stream to form an embolus in the lung, heart, brain or other organ to cause ischaemia or infarction

A

fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Membrane-bound ??? provides a non-thrombogenic surface on vascular endothelium, preventing platelet activation and coagulation

A

heparan sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vascular endothelium synthesizes
- Antithrombotic factors including ???
- Prothrombotic factors including ???

A
  • prostaglandin I2, nitric oxide, adenosine, tissue plasminogen
    activator and thrombomodulin (a thrombin receptor)
  • von Willebrand factor, tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bacterial endotoxin and host cytokines alter antithrombotic and prothrombotic states of endothelium = promote disseminated intravascular coagulation in ???, ??? and other states

A

sepsis,
cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drugs are used to treat or prevent thrombosis/ thromboembolism, targeting three distinct pathways:
1. Blood coagulation (fibrin formation)
2. Platelet function
3. ??? removal

A

Fibrin removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coagulation Cascade INTRINSIC or EXTRINSIC pathway: AKA the contact pathway. Activated by contact with artificial surfaces or exposed collagen, DNA, RNA or polyphosphates in damaged endothelium. No contribution to haemostasis in vivo

A

intrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Coagulation Cascade INTRINSIC or EXTRINSIC pathway: AKA the in vivo or tissue factor (TF) pathway. TF abundant in adventitial cells surrounding blood vessels larger than capillaries, and in epithelial cells surrounding tissues

A

extrinsic

18
Q

drugs that act on coagulation cascade (clotting effects): Factor VIII or IX is used to treat ???

A

haemophilia

19
Q

drugs that act on coagulation cascade (clotting effects): recombinant factor VIIa is used to treat ???

A

severe bleeding

20
Q

drugs that act on coagulation cascade (clotting effects): Vitamin K is used for excessive anticoagulation therapy (e.g. warfarin) and prevention of ??? disease in newborns

A

haemorrhagic disease

21
Q

vitamin K promotes the carboxylation of ??? as it is a lipid soluble vitamin essential as a cofactor in the formation of this.

A

clotting factors

22
Q

Drugs that Act on the Coagulation Cascade (Venous Thrombosis): heparin and low molecular weight heparins prevent/treat ??? but can cause haemorrhage, osteoporosis

A

thrombosis

23
Q

Drugs that Act on the Coagulation Cascade (Venous Thrombosis): ??? is used to prevent/treat venous thrombosis as well as myocardial damage in angina and myocardial infarction. can cause haemorrhage and necrosis

A

warfarin

24
Q

Drugs that Act on the Coagulation Cascade (Venous Thrombosis): Direct inhibitors of thrombin, prevent or treat venous throkmbosis but can cause minor haemorrhage and ???

A

gastrointestinal disturbances

25
Q

heparin inhibits coagulation by activating ???

A

antithrombin III

26
Q

Heparin and LMW heparin increase the inhibitory effect of ??? on factor IIa (thrombin) by binding both ??? and IIa = inhibit coagulation

A

antithrombin III

27
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Heparin increases the inhibitory effect of AT III on Factor Xa by binding only AT III

A

TRUE

28
Q

Warfarin inhibits ??? to reduce the reduced form of Active Vitamin K and the carboxylation of clotting factors

A

Vitamin K Reductase

29
Q

Warfarin is metabolised by cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 (CYP2C9), which is polymorphic with varying activity between individuals. Use of warfarin requires monitoring to prevent
???

A

bleeding (haemorrhage)

30
Q

Drugs that Alter Warfarin Activity: NSAIDS (aspirin); antibiotics (moxalactam, carbenicillin) all inhibit platelets and INCREASE or DECREASE warfarin action?

A

increase

31
Q

Drugs that Alter Warfarin Activity: cephalosporins inhibit ??? reduction, increasing warfarin activity

A

vitamin k

32
Q

Drugs that Alter Warfarin Activity: vitamin K causes coagulant activity opposing anticoagulant actIvIty of warfarin = INCREASE or DECREASE IN WARFARIN ACTIVITY?

A

DECREASE

33
Q

TRUE or FALSE: anticoagulant drugs act on sites of factor XIIa, XIa, IXa, Xa, IIa, XIIIa

A

true

34
Q

platelet activation:
1. ruptured plaque or tissue damage = adhesion of platelets to ??? surface = activation

A

thrombogenic

35
Q

platelet activation:
2. ??? = activation of platelets

A

thrombin

36
Q

platelet activation can lead to Arachadonic Acid generation = production of cyclic endoperoxidases = synthesis of TXA2 = expression of GP IIb/IIIa receptors = linkage of adjacent platelets by fibrinogen binding = ???

A

aggregation of platelets

37
Q

aspirin impairs ??? activity by inhibiting cyclogenase-1 and thromboxane A2 synthesis to prevent thrombotic stroke and heart attack

A

platelet activity

38
Q

dipyridamole inhibits ??? aggregation to reduce risk of stroke and death during ischaemic attacks

A

platelets

39
Q

Clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor are drugs that impair platelet activity by inhibiting ??? receptors for acute coronary syndromes

A

P2Y12 receptors

40
Q

aspirin reduces the action of ??? triggering production of cyclic endoperoxides to work as an antiplatelet drug

A

arachadonic acid

41
Q

drugs that promote fibrinolysis (thrombolysis): streptokinase activates ??? to reduce myocardial infarction, thrombotic stroke, etc

A

plasminogen

CHEM358 Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions