haloalkanes

Question 1

what is a haloalkane

Answer 1

an organic molecule that contains at least one halogen atom (the functional group)

Question 2

how to name haloalkenes ( if multiple halogens on one molecule)

Answer 2

alphabetical order
bromo
chloro
iodo
floro

Question 2

are there dipoles on haloalkanes

Answer 2

C is delta positive and halogen is delta negative

Question 3

define nucleophile

Answer 3

species that can donate a pair of electrons to an area of low electron density to form a new covalent bond

Question 4

where do you draw the arrows in nucleophilic substitution

Answer 4

from lone pair to C with halogen
then to halogen
then species being substituted replaces halogen

Question 5

what are the conditions required for nucleophilic substitution

Answer 5

aqueous sodium hydroxide
heating under reflux

Question 6

why are haloalkanes more reactive than alkanes

Answer 6

haloalkanes have polar bonds where C (delta+) is more susceptible to nucleophilic attack

Question 7

define hydrolysis

Answer 7

breaking down a molecule using water

Question 8

how to turn a haloalkane into an alcohol

Answer 8

nucleophilic substitution using NaOH and heating under reflux

Question 9

when the haloalkane has a stronger polar bond (C-Cl most)
what happens to the rate of hydrolysis

Answer 9

it increases
C-Cl bond breaks faster
the weaker the covalent polar bond, the faster the rate
the more polar the bond, the fater the rate

Question 10

how do you determine if something is a nucleophile

Answer 10

needs one lone pair of electrons