Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

X. MRCS: Anatomy > Hand & Forearm > Flashcards

Hand & Forearm Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Carpal Bones

A 
Proximal Row (lateral to medial)
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform (a sesamoid bone, formed within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris)

Distal Row (lateral to medial)
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate (has a projection on its palmar surface, known as the ‘hook of hamate’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thenar Muscles

A

Opponens Pollicis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

Opponens Digiti Minimi
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

Lumbricals
Palmar & Dorsal Interossei
Palmaris Brevis
Adductor Pollicis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

Origin: tubercle of trapezium
Insertion: lateral margin of 1st metacarpal
Innervation: median nerve (recurrent branch/thenar branch)
Function: opposes the thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium & flexor retinaculum
Insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: recurrent branch of median n.
Function: Abducts the thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Flexor pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: tubercle of trapezium/flexor retinaclulm
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: recurrent branch of median n.
Function: Flex MCPJ of thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Opponens digits minimi

A

Origin: hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
Insertion: medial margin of 5th MTC
Innervation: Ulnar nerve
Function: rotates 5th MTC towards palm, producing opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Origin: pisiform and tendon of FCU
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of 5th
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Function: abducts little finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Origin: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of little finger
Innervation: ulnar
Function: flexes MCPJ 5th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lumbricals

A

4 lumbricals associated with each finger
Origin: tendon of FDP, pass dorsally and laterally around each finger
Insertion: extensor hood
Innervation: lateral 2 - median. medial 2 - ulnar
Function: flexion at MCPJ and extension of IPJs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

4 dorsal interossei muscles
Origin: lateral and medial surface of MTCs
Insertion: extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger
Innervation: ulnar n
Function: abduct fingers at MCPJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Palmar interossei

A 
3 palmar interossei
Origin: medial or lateral surface of MTC
Insertion: extensor hood and proximal phalanx
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Function: adducts the fingers at MCP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Palmaris brevis

A

Origin: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: terms of skin and medial margin of hand
Innervation: ulnar n.
Function: wrinkles skin of hypothenar eminence, deepens curvature of hand (improving grip)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

Origin: 1st head - 3rd MTC. 2nd head - capitiate, 2nd and 3rd MTC
Insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: ulnar n.
Function: Adductor of the thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Borders of the carpal tunnel

A

Deep carpal arch

  • Lateral border: scaphoid and trapezium tubercles
  • medial: hook of hamate and pisiform

Flexor retinaculum: Roof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contents of Carpal tunnel

A

9 tendons:

  • 4 tendons of Flexor digitorum profundus
  • 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficial
  • flexor polices longus

Median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Extensor compartments of the wrist

A

6 compartments:

  1. Extensor pollicis brevis/Abductor pollicis longus
  2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis/extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. Extensor pollicis longus
  4. extensor digitorum/extensor indices
  5. Extensor digiti minimi
  6. Extensor carpi ulnaris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Borders of the anatomic snuffbox

A

Ulnar: tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Radial: tendons of extensor policic brevis and abductor pollicis longus
Proximal border: styloid process of radius
Floor: carpal bones: scaphoid & trapezium
Roof: skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Contents of the anatomic snuffbox

A

Radial artery
Superficial branch of radial nerve
Cephalic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Borders of Ulnar (Guyon’s) canal

A

Medial (ulnar) - pisiform, flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, abductor digiti minimi muscle
Lateral (radial) - hook of hamate
Roof - palmar carpal ligament
Floor - flexor retinaculum, pisohamate ligament, hypothenar muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Contents of Ulnar (Guyon’s) canal

Study These Flashcards
A

Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
Venase comitantes of ulnar artery
Lymphatic vessels

23
Q

3 layers of muscles in anterior compartment of forearm

Study These Flashcards
A

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

24
Q

Muscles in the superficial layer of anterior forearm

Study These Flashcards
A 
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
(Pass, fail, pass, fail)
25
Muscles in intermediate layer of anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
26
Muscles in deep layer of anterior forearm
Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus
27
Pronator teres
Origin: medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulnar Insertion: laterally on mid-shaft of radius Innervation: median n. Function: pronation of forearm
28
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd MTC Innervation: median n. Function: flexion and radial deviation of wrist (abduction)
29
Palmaris longus
``` Absent in 15% Origin: medial epicondyle Insertion: flexor retinaculum Innervation: median n. Function: flexion of wrist ```
30
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle, olecranon of ulna Insertion: pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base of 5th Innervation: ulnar n. Function: flexion and ulnar deviation (adduction) of wrist
31
Flexor digitorum superficialis
2 heads. median n. & ulnar art. run between them. Origin: medial epicondyle, radius. Splits into 4 tendons at wrist. Travels through carpal tunnel. Insertion: middle phalanx of 4 fingers Innervation: median n. Function: flexes MCPJs, PIPJs and wrist
32
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane. Splits into 4 tendons at wrist. Passes through carpal tunnel. Insertion: distal phalanx of 4 fingers Innervation: medial 2: ulnar. lateral 2: median Function: flexion at DIPJs, MCPJs and wrist
33
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb Innervation: median nerve (ant interosseous branch) Function: flexes IPJ and MCPJ of thumb
34
Pronator quadratus
Origin: ant. surface of ulna Insertion: ant. surface of radius Innervation: median nerve (ant. interosseous) Function: pronates forearm
35
Layers of the posterior compartment of the forearm
Superficial | Deep
36
Superficial muscles in the posterior forearm
``` Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carp ulnaris Anconeus ```
37
Deep muscles of the posterior forearm
``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor indicis ```
38
Brachioradialis
Origin: proximal aspect of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: distal end of radius Innervation: radial nerve Function: flexes elbow
39
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: supracondylar ridge Insertion: 2rd & 3rd MTC Innervation: radial n. Function: extends and abducts wrist
40
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle Insertion: 2rd & 3rd MTC Innervation: radial n. Function: extends and abducts the wrist
41
Extensor digitorum communis
Origin: lateral epicondyle. tendon splits into 4 at distal forearm Insertion: extensor hood of each finger Innervation: Radial n. (deep branch) Function: extension of MCPJs and IPJs
42
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin: lateral epicondyle Insertion: extensor hood of little finger Innervation: radial n. (deep branch) Function: Extends little finger and extension of wrist
43
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle Insertion: base of 5th MTC Innervation: radial n. (deep branch) Function: extension and adduction of wrist
44
Anconeus
Origin: lateral epicondyle Insertion: posterior and lateral olecranon Innervation: radial nerve Function: extends and stabilises elbow joint. Abducts ulnar during pronation of forearm
45
Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle, posterior surface of ulna Insertion: posterior surface of radius Innervation: radial nerve (deep branch) Function: supinates forearm
46
Abductor Pollicis longus
Origin: interosseous membrane and post. surface of radius Insertion: lateral side off base of 1st MTC Innervation: radial n. (post. interosseous branch) Function: abducts the thumb Lateral border of anatomic snuffbox
47
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: post. surface of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: radial n. (post. interosseous branch) Function: extends MCPJs and CMCJs of thumb Lateral border of anatomic snuffbox
48
Extensor Pollicis longus
Origin: post. surface of ulnar and interosseous membrane Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb Innervation: radial n. (post. interosseous branch) Function: extends IPJ/MCPJ/CMCJ of thumb Medial border or anatomical snuffbox
49
Extensor indicis proprius
Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: extensor hood of index finger Innervation: radial n. (post. interosseous branch) Function: extends index finger
50
Borders of cubital fossa
Lateral - medial border of brachioradialis Medial - lateral border of pronator trees Superior - horizontal line between epicondyles of humerus Roof - bicipital apnoeurosis, fascia Floor - brachial (proximal), supinator (distal)
51
Content of cubital fossa
``` (Lateral to medial) Radial nerve Biceps tendon Brachial artery (branches into ulnar/radial at apex) Median nerve ```
52
Borders of ulnar (cubital) tunnel
Medial - medial epicondyle Lateral - olecranon Floor - elbow joint capsule and medial collateral ligament of elbow Roof - ligament spanning medial epicondyle and olecranon (cubital tunnel retinaculum/arcuate ligament of Osborne)
53
Content of the ulnar (cubital) tunnel
Ulnar nerve

X. MRCS: Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions