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1
Q

define prosthodontics

A

dental specialty that deals with restoring missing oral and para-oral structures.

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2
Q

what knowledge is needed for prosthodontics

A

development, anatomy, and fuction of the stomatognathic system

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3
Q

what are the two types of movements of the mandible

A

rotation

translation

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4
Q

3 planes of mandibular movement

A

frontal/coronal
midsagittal
transverse

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5
Q

Where does rotation of the mandible occure

A

terminal hinge axis/transverse horizontal axis (THA)

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6
Q

where is the terminal hinge axis/transverse horizontal axis(THA)

A

the imaginary line connecting the two condyls

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7
Q

how long does the mandible rotate

A

20-25 mm of incisal separation

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8
Q

when doing lateral protrusion, what side is working and non-working

A

working: slight lateral translation (the side on the direction movement)
non-working: travels forward and medial

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9
Q

travel of the condyls in strait protrusive movement

A

both condyles move dowards along their eminenceies

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10
Q

travel of condyles along the eminence in lateral movement

A

non-working (downward and medial)

working (rotate, lateral and up or lateral and down)

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11
Q

who described the movement of the mandible in the 3 planes of movement

A

ulf posselt

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12
Q

the range of movement of the mandible envelope of rotation

A

envelope of motion

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13
Q

the starting reference point for he envelop of rotation

A

between the mandibular 2 central incisors

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14
Q

When the mandible is guided to centric relation, the arc traced by the point between 2 mandibular central incisors

A

centric relation arc of closure

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15
Q

at any point along the centric relation arc of closure, the mandible is at

A

centric relation

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16
Q

a spacial relation of one bone to another

A

Centric relation

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17
Q

define centric relation

A

the maxillomandibular relation in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective disks, with the complex in the anterior-superior position against the shapes of the articular eminences. this position is independent of tooth contact. it is restricted to a purely rotary movement about the transverse horizontal axis

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18
Q

when the mandible is manipulated upward on the centric relation arc of closure until tooth contact occurs

A

centric occlusion

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19
Q

where does centric occlusion occur in 90% of the population

A

one or 2 maxillary or mandibular teeth

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20
Q

what are the first contacts to contact in centric occlusion

A

initial points of contact

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21
Q

what parts of mandibular and maxillary teeth contact at the initial points of contact

A

max: mesial
mand: distal

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22
Q

to go beyond initial contact, is the mandible still in centric relation

A

no, slides out of it due to shape of posterior inclines

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23
Q

when all teeth touch

A

maximal intercuspal position/ maximal intercuspation( MI)

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24
Q

the slide between centric occlusion and maximal intercuspal position

A

centric slide

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25
is restorations easy if Centric occlusion is the same as maximal intercuspal position
easy (slide makes it hard)
26
what dictates protrusion from the maximum intercuspal position
mandibular anterior teeth ride along the lingual concavity of the maxillary teeth until tip to tip. after, contacting posterior teeth determine movement until maximum protrusion is reached
27
maximum opening range
50-60mm between incisors.
28
after maximum opening, what does the mandible do to reach Centric relation
translation and rotation back to Centric relation arc of closure
29
what represents the border movement of the mandible
sagital plane tracing
30
size of the functional boarder movements
small area
31
the normal closing of the mandible
habitual arc of closure
32
problem with the habitual arc of closure
not as reproducible since it is not a boarder possition
33
where is the physiological rest position of the mandible
lies on the habitual arc of closure, where all the muscles are at the state of equal relation
34
the separation of the teeth at the physiological rest position
interocclusal rest distance
35
the distance between 2 points in the mouth during maximal intercuspation
vertical dimension of occlusion
36
the distance between 2 points in the mouth during physiological rest
vertical dimension at rest
37
determining the interocclusal rest distance
Vertical dimension at rest- vertical dimension of occlusion
38
the protrusive path the lower incisors must follow due to anterior teeth contact
incisal guidance
39
what does incisal guidance determine
protrusive path of mandibular incisors and during lateral movement
40
when canine guidance is used
only during lateral movement
41
why called anterior guidance
inclination of the articular eminence of the TMJ and the morphology of the lingual surface of anterior teeth guide the disclusion of the posterior teeth
42
posterior determinants of mandibular movements
inclinatinoof articular eminence medial wall of glenoid fossa intercondylar distance
43
anterior determinants of mandibular movements
horizontal overlap of anterior teeth | Vertical overlap of anterior teeth
44
other detrminants of mandibular movements
occlusal plane curve of spee neuromuscular response
45
problems with small non-adjustable articulators
lead to restorations with occlusal discrepancies, as they cannot reproduce the full range of mandibular movements
46
what is used with semiadjustable articulators
face-bow to minimize the need for clinical adjustment
47
what articulator can follow the patients border movements
fully adjustable articulators
48
what is used with a fully adjustable articulator
pantograph (adjust the condylar elements to follow tracing obtained intraorally
49
articulators that have the condyles connected to the lower member
arcon
50
articulators with condyles connected to upper members
non-arcon
51
roll of the ear bow transfer
record the patients exact anatomical relation of the maxillary dental arch to the patients intercondylar axis
52
what is related to one another via the ear bow transfer
maxillary cost occlusal surface to the terminal hinge axis orrients maxillary cast correctly in space using 3 points of reference parallel to interpupillary line mandible to be correctly mounted using the centric relation record
53
ways in which you can move the mandible into Centric relation
chin point guidance anterior deprogramer bilateral bimanual manipulation
54
what does the mouth normally do
used proprioceptive impulses to follow a natural reflex to close into a lateral or a lateral protruded possion when something is in the mouth
55
requirements of the centric relation record
``` along the arc of rotation of the manible no teeth touching thin soft fast setting dimenstionally stable easily verifiable in the mouth and mounted casts ```
56
the correction of stressful occlusal contacts through selective grinding, to correct to normal harmonious jaw function
occlusal equilibration
57
benifit of combining occlusal equilibration with restorative dentistry
minimize the restorative needs
58
whats worse, mal-occlusion of bad equilibration
poor equilibration (may produce new interferences that patient must learn to cope with, creating occlusal awareness and discomfort in teeth, TMJ, and muscles
59
parts of mutually protected occlusion
MI: posterior teeth come into contact to minimize horizontal load on anterior teeth excursive movements of the mandible: anterior teeth guide so posterior dont have lateral or protrusive excursions
60
does disclusion of posterior teeth happen in natural dentistions
yes, it is the norm
61
posterior contacts that disclude anterior teeth during lateral excursive movements can cause
alter muscular patterns during lateral movements create primary occlusal trauma, fremitus, increase likelihood of tooth fracture development of wear facets unfavorable loading of the TMHs
62
goals of occlusal treatment
1. direct occlusal forces along the long axes of teeth (stable posterior contacts) 2. in MI, all mandibular teeth should contact maxillary opponents at same tie with same intenisve (CO=MI) 3. furnish a smooth protrusive path guided by the anterior teeth without any interference from occlusal contacts between posterior teeth 4. working side contacts, whether canine-protected or group function, should not be prevented from contacting by non-working side interferences.
63
4 parts of equilibration procedures can be divided into 4 parts
1. reduction of all contacting tooth surfaces that interfere with the terminal hinge axis closure (CR) 2. selective reduction of tooth structure that interferes with lateral excursions 3. elimination of all posterior tooth structure that interferes with protrusive excursions 4. harmonization of the anterior guidance
64
the reason for most failures in equilibration
improper manipulation of the mandible
65
what is necessary for equilibration to be successful
the condyle-disk assemblies must be free to seat in thier most anterior superior positions without any forced displacement when the teeth intercuspate
66
finding Centric Relation
no contact of teeth freely arc mandible without muscle interference with force bilaterally slowly close mandible by moving it up and down to fist teeth touch (first interference)
67
how to determine the slide for locating occlusal interferences
allow for first touch, then squeeze to feel the mandible slide from CR
68
how should a slide be removed
such that either conyl is not displaced when CO=MI
69
what produces the anterior slide
primary interferences that deviate the condyl forward
70
the basic grinding rule to correct an anterior slide
Always MUDL
71
MUDL
grind mesial inclines of uppers | grind distal inclines of lowers
72
what to do about interference to the arc of closure
MUDL
73
primary interferences that cause the mandile to deviate right or left from the initial contact point to MI
Line of closure interferences
74
What to grind if the interfereing inclide causes the mandible to deviate toward the cheek
BULL
75
BULL
grind bucccal incline of the upper | grind the lingual incline of the lower
76
what to grind if the interfering incline causes the mandible to deviate toward the tongue
LUBL
77
LUBL
Grind Lingual incline of upper | Grind Buccal incline of lower
78
does the vertical dimension of occlusion change after equilibration
should be the same
79
what can lateral interferences be divided into
working and non-working
80
the goal of eleminating non-wrking lateral interferences
eliminate all contacts on inclines as soon as the lower teeth move out of MI and start toward the tongue
81
Grinding for Non-working interferences
BULL
82
what may happen when elimating non-working lateral interferences
working side inclines may appear, and when they are corrected, non-working may re-appear.must do non-working and working together
83
what must you determine for adjusting working side interferences
weather group function or anterior guidance
84
what is group function
working side inclines are precisely adjusted to harmonize with both condylar movements and anterior guidance
85
why anterior guidance is the occlusion of choice in most patients
b/c of its effect on the elevator muscles ( at the momemnt of posterior disclusion, most of the elevator muscles contraction is shut off, reducing the load on both anterior teeth and joints
86
what type of patients will beneift more from a group function in working side excusions
patients with large horizontal overlap
87
the basic rule for equilibrating working side contacts
LUBL
88
rule from eliminating protrusive interferences
DUML
89
DUML
grind the disnding of the distal inclines of upper grind the mesial inclines of the lower also some hollow grinding of the offending inclines
90
what provides posterior disclusion during protrusion
anterior guidance and downward movements of the protruding condyles
91
what type of anterior guidance relies more on condyles for disclusion
flat anterior guidance (needs more corrections for protrusive interferences
92
the 3 requisites of contour
Mechanical, biological, and esthetics
93
Mechanical requisite for contour is dictated
by precise mechanics of intercuspation and mandibular movements
94
biological requisite for contour is because
protect the gingivia from the over contouring of the teeth
95
how the universal occlusal stand is angled
has a 10 degree inclination
96
normal articular condylar guides
30 degrees

occlusion (8 decks)

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