HAP Test 1b

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

• selectively permeable
• composed of lipids and proteins with some carbohydrates
• double layer of phospholipid
• hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic

Question 2

receptor proteins

Answer 2

receive and transmit messages into cell

Question 3

integral proteins

Answer 3

form pores, channels and carriers in cell membrane

Question 4

enzymes

Answer 4

transduce signal

Question 5

cellular adhesion molecules

Answer 5

enable cells to stick to each other

Question 6

cell surface proteins

Answer 6

establish self

Question 7

intracellular membranes

Answer 7

• tight junction
• desmosome
• gap junctions

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

protein synthesis, no membrane

Question 9

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

• composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs
• synthesis of protein and lipid molecules
• may be secreted from cell or used within the cell

Question 10

smooth ER

Answer 10

lipid synthesis, absorb fats and breaking down drugs

Question 11

Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

refines, packages and delivers proteins synthesized on rough ER

Question 12

vesicles

Answer 12

membranous sac that vary in size and contents, transport substances

Question 13

mitochondria

Answer 13

lungs, provide energy to all of cell

Question 14

lysosomes

Answer 14

“garbage” disposals, dismantle debris, tiny membranous sacs

- break down proteins, carbs and nucleic acids

Question 15

peroxisomes

Answer 15

membranous sacs, catalyze metabolic reactions that release hydrogen peroxide and decompose it

Question 16

centrosome

Answer 16

aid in cell division, lead to microtubules and spindle fibers

Question 17

microfilaments made of…

Answer 17

actin

Question 18

microtubules made of….

Answer 18

tubulin

Question 19

nucleolus

Answer 19

RNA and protein

Question 20

chromatin

Answer 20

loosely coiled fibers in nuclear fluid

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

tendency of atoms, molecules and ions in liquid or air solution to move from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Question 22

facilitated diffusion

Answer 22

molecules move across membrane through channels or by carrier molecules from region of high to low concentration

Question 23

osmosis

Answer 23

diffusion of water molecules from region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 24

isotonic

Answer 24

where osmotic pressure of intracellular and extracellular fluids are same

Question 25

hypertonic

Answer 25

solutions that have higher osmotic pressure within the cell

Question 26

hypotonic

Answer 26

solutions that have lower osmotic pressure within cell

Question 27

filtration

Answer 27

when molecules are forced through membranes, separate solids from water

Question 28

active transport

Answer 28

movement against the concentration gradient, requires energy pump

Question 29

types of endocytosis

Answer 29

- pinocytosis - phagocytosis - receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 30

pinocytosis

Answer 30

cells take in tiny droplets of liquid from surroundings

Question 31

phagocytosis

Answer 31

cells take in solids, lysosome soon connects

Question 32

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 32

moves very specific kinds of particles into cell, bind

Question 33

exocytosis

Answer 33

substances made within cell are packaged into vesicles, which fuse with cell membrane, releasing contents outside cell

Question 34

transcytosis

Answer 34

combines endo and exocytosis to selectively and rapidly transport substance or particle from one end to the other

Question 35

cell cycle

Answer 35

- interphase - mitosis - cytokinesis

Question 36

interphase

Answer 36

- S phase - G1 and G2 phase - cell grows and maintains its routine functions as well as its contributions to internal environment

Question 37

S phase

Answer 37

DNA replication

Question 38

G1 and G2 phase

Answer 38

structures other then DNA synthesized and cellular growth

Question 39

mitosis

Answer 39

- prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase

Question 40

prophase

Answer 40

stage where chromosomes become visible, condensation of chromatin, centrioles form and move to opposite sides of cell

Question 41

metaphase

Answer 41

chromosomes align in middle of cell, spindle fibers attach to centromere

Question 42

anaphase

Answer 42

replicated chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of cell

Question 43

telophase

Answer 43

when newly formed cells separate, complete migration towards centrioles, chromosomes unwind, nuclear envelope forms

Question 44

cytokinesis

Answer 44

begins during anaphase, stage where cells clearly separate from each other