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Human Anatomy and Physiology > HAP Test 1c > Flashcards

HAP Test 1c Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

types of tissues

A
  • epithelial
  • connective
  • muscle
  • nervous
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2
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers body surface and organs, forms inner lining of body cavity and lines hollow organs, lacks blood vessels
- secretions, absorption and excretion

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3
Q

types of epithelial tissue

A
  • simple squamous
  • simple cuboidal
  • simple columnar
  • pseudostratified columnar
  • stratified squamous
  • stratified cuboidal
  • stratified columnar
  • transitional
  • glandular
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4
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

consists of single layer of thin, flattened cells, nuclei broad and thin
- covers membranes that line body cavities

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5
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single-layer of cube-shaped cells, centrally located, spherical nuclei
- secretion and absorption

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6
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

composed of single layer of elongated cells whose nuclei are usually about same level, near basement membrane

  • globlet cells
  • ciliated or nonciliated
  • thick
  • secretes digestive fluid and absorbs nutrients
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7
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

appear stratified or layered, but not; nuclei are at two or more levels in row of aligned cells yet all reach basement membrane

  • contain cilia
  • contains globlet cells, secrete mucus
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8
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

may layers of cells, making tissue thick; cells near surface are flat and those in deeper layer are cuboidal and columnar
- keratin

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9
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form lining of lumen
- provides more protection

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10
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

consists of several layers of cells, superficial cells are elongated and basal cells are cuboidal

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11
Q

transitional epithelium

A

specialized to change in response to increased tension

  • several layers of cuboidal cells
  • expandable lining
  • contains few layers of cells
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12
Q

glandular epithelium

A

composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids

  • found within columnar and cuboidal
  • many types
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13
Q

types of glands

A
  • exocrine glands

- endocrine glands

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14
Q

exocrine gland

A

secrete their products into ducts that open onto surface

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15
Q

endocrine gland

A

secrete products into tissue fluid or blood

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16
Q

types of exocrine glands

A
  • simple glands
  • compound glands
  • merocrine glands
  • apocrine glands
  • holocrine glands
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17
Q

types of simple glands

A
  • simple tubular glands
  • simple coiled tubular glands
  • simple branched tubular glands
  • simple branched alveolar gland
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18
Q

types of compound glands

A
  • compound tubular gland

- compound alveolar gland

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19
Q

simple glands

A

glands that communicate with surface by means of ducts that do not branch before reaching secretory portion

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20
Q

simple tubular gland

A

straight tubelike gland that opens directly onto surface

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21
Q

simple coiled tubular gland

A

long, coiled, tubelike gland, long duct

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22
Q

simple branched tubular gland

A

branched, tubelike gland, duct short or absent

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23
Q

simple branched alveolar gland

A

secretory portions of gland expand into saclike compartments along duct

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24
Q

compound glands

A

glands communicate with surface by means of ducts that branch repeatedly before reaching secretory

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25
compound tubular gland
secretory portions coiled tubules, usually branched
26
compound alveolar gland
secretory portions are irregularly branched tubules with numerous saclike outgrowths
27
merocrine glands
glands that release fluid products by exocytosis
28
apocrine glands
glands lose small portions of glandular cell bodies during secretions
29
holocrine glands
glands that release entire cells
30
types of connective tissue
- loose connective tissue - adipose tissue - reticular connective tissue - dense connective tissue - elastic connective tissue - cartilage - bone - blood
31
types of connective tissue fibers
- collagenous fibers - elastic fibers - reticular fibers
32
types of cartilage
- hyaline cartilage - elastic cartilage - fibrocartilage
33
connective tissue
bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections and help repair tissue damage - most abundant
34
collagenous fibers
thick threads of protein collagen, parallel bundles, flexible and slightly elastic, resist considerable force
35
elastic fibers
composed of spring-like protein elastin, weaker, form networks, easily stretched or deformed
36
reticular fibers
very thin collagenous fibers, highly branched
37
loose connective tissue (areolar)
delicate, thin membranes throughout cody, binds skin to organs and fills space between muscles
38
adipose tissue
store fat droplets within cytoplasm, enlarge, nuclei pushed to side, cushion joints and some organs, store energy
39
fibroblast
produce fibers
40
reticular connective tissue
composed of thin, collagenous fibers, provide framework
41
dense connective tissue
consists of closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers, network of elastic fivers and few cells - withstand pulling - binds body parts
42
elastic connective tissue
consists of elastic fibers in parallel strands or branching networks, between fibers are collagenous fibers and fibroblasts
43
cartilage
rigid connective tissue, procifes support, frameworks, attachments, protects underlying tissues and forms structural models - matrix: composed of collagenous fibers in gel-like substance - chondrocytes - lacks direct blood supply
44
chondrocytes
cartilage cells, lie within matrix
45
hyaline cartilage
extravellular matrix composed of fine collagenous fibers, looks like glass, found in joints - important in development and growth of bones
46
elastic cartilage
extracellular matrix made of dense network of elastic fibers
47
fibrocartilage
extracellular matrix made of large collagenous fibers, very tough, shock absorber
48
bone
most rigid connective tissue, contains extracellular matrix with collagenous fibers, supports internally, attachment for muscles, contains red marrow - contains osteoblasts
49
osteoblasts
bone matrix deposited by bone cells
50
blood
type of connective tissue, composed of cells suspended in fluid extracellular matrix (plasma) - RBC's, WBC's and platelets - form in red marrow
51
red blood cells
transport gases
52
white blood cells
fight infection
53
platelets
involved in blood clotting
54
types of membranes
- epithelial membranes | - synovial membranes
55
types of epithelial membranes
- serous membranes - mucous membranes - cutaneous membranes
56
epithelial membrane
thin, sheetlike structures that are usually composed of epithelial and underlying connective tissue, covering body and lining cavities
57
serous membranes
line body cavities that don't open to outside and reduce friction between organs and cavity walls - layer of simple squamous and thin layer of loose connective tissue - secrete watery fluid, lubricates
58
mucous membrane
line cavities and tubes that open to outside of body - consists of epithelium overlaying layer of loose connective tissue - secrete mucus
59
cutaneous membrane
skin
60
synovial membrane
composed entirely of connective tissue, joints
61
types of muscle tissue
- skeletal muscle tissue - smooth muscle tissue - cardiac muscle tissue
62
skeletal muscle tissue
forms muscles usually attach to bones and are controlled by conscious effort (voluntary) - contains striations - has many nuclei
63
smooth muscle tissue
lack striations, shorter than those of skeletal muscle and are spindle-shaped, single, central nucleus, involuntary action
64
cardiac muscle tissue
only in heart, striated and branched cells, joined end-to-end, has single nucleus, cells connected by intercalated discs, controlled involuntarily
65
neuron
coordinate, regulate and integrate body functions
66
nervous tissue
found in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves - neurons - neuroglial cells
67
neuroglial cells
support and bind components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis and help supply nutrients to neurons by connecting blood vessels

Human Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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