Hard facts

Question 1

What test did the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidlines replace?

Answer 1

LD 50 Test

Question 2

Subacute multidose toxicity studies are how long?

Answer 2

28 days

Question 3

Subchronic multidose toxicity studies are how long?

Answer 3

13 weeks

Question 4

Chronic multidose toxicity studies are how long? (3 time frames)

Answer 4

26, 38 or 52 weeks

Question 5

How many test groups are usually in a study?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

How many rodents or non-rodents are in a subacute study?

Answer 6

10 rodents, or 2-3 non-rodents per sex (so 20 rodents or 4-6 non-rodents total)

Question 7

What is a teratogen?

Answer 7

A substance that damages the fetus.

Question 8

Reproductive studies tend to have 3 segments. What do these segments test?

Answer 8

Seg. 1: reproductive toxicity in male and female.
Seg.2: Fetal toxicity.
Seg. 3: Toxicity in newborn pups

Question 9

1g= mL (only true w/ water)

Answer 9

1mL

Question 10

What is a pyrogen?

Answer 10

A substance that creates a fever.

Question 11

Blood from what organism is used to detect bacterial toxins (pyrogens) in LAL test?

Answer 11

Horseshoe crab

Question 12

What is a LAL test and what does it do?

Answer 12

Limulus Amebocyte Test. Clumps in the pesence of toxin.

Question 13

Nude mice lack (__) cells because the don’t have a (__).

Answer 13

t-cells, thymus

Question 14

T-cells usually help with what type of immunity?

Answer 14

Cell-mediated immunity. they attack viruses, tumors, help w/ making antigen as well.

Question 15

Athymic Rats don’t have (__) and therefore their immunity resembles (__).

Answer 15

Thymus, nude mice.

Question 16

(_____) Mice lack both T and B Cells. This results in no cell-mediated immunity, antibodies or long-term immunity.

Answer 16

SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disorder)

Question 17

Asplenic mice lack what?

Answer 17

a spleen

Question 18

What strains of mice lack B-cells and are used to study heredity defects?

Answer 18

CBAN/N, XID

Question 19

Biege mice lack what? (2 things)

Answer 19

Natural killer cells and cytotoxic properties.

Question 20

Reporter proteins are:

Answer 20

Floresent probes used in bioluminescent technologies. Usually used w/ mice and zebra fish.

Question 21

B Cells Produce which cells that make antibodies?

Answer 21

Plasma cells

Question 22

What are polyclonal antibodies?

Answer 22

Copies of multiple antibodies produced by one plasma cell. Each antibody is a “clone”.

Question 23

What three animals are commonly used in antibody research?

Answer 23

Rabbits, sheep and goats

Question 24

What are the 2 most common needle curvatures?

Answer 24

1/2 and 3/8 circle.

Question 25

What is the difference between conventional and reverse cutting needles?

Answer 25

Conventional cutting needles have the cutting edge on the inside of the curve, reverse cutting needles have the cutting edge on the outside of the needle.

Question 26

Which needle combines the cutting and reverse cutting edges at the tip of the needle?

Answer 26

Tapered needle.

Question 27

What is the most common scapel handle, also known as the ribbed-back?

Answer 27

Bard-parker scapel handle

Question 28

Most commonly used blade that fits #3 handle

Answer 28

Size 10 blade

Question 29

A size 20 blade is similar to what other blade in shape? What handle does it fit?

Answer 29

Similar in shape to size 10blade. Fits #4 handle

Question 30

What blade has a small cutting blade for fine/delicate tissue and mouse surgery? What handle does it fit?

Answer 30

size 15 blade,# 3 handle

Question 31

What blade has a straight edge w/ a fine point? Fits a #3 handle.

Answer 31

Size 11 blade

Question 32

What are the 5 routes of infection?

Answer 32

1) inhalation, 2) skin (cuts/infection), 3) mucous membranes, 4)mouth/ingestion, 5) maternal tranmission

Question 33

What is the term for removing embryos surgically from one mouse and implanting in a non-infected serrogate?

Answer 33

Rederivation

Question 34

Hamsters can be non-symptomatic carriers of what disease?

Answer 34

Lymphocytic choriomeningitits

Question 35

Herpes is fatal to what primate species?

Answer 35

Owl monkeys and marmosats. (herpes is *epidemic in people)

Question 36

Epizootic is:

Answer 36

a sudden disease outbreak that affects a large number of animals.

Question 37

Enzootic is: (comparible to endemic in ppl)

Answer 37

if a disease commonly occurs in multiple members of the population.

Question 38

Clinical Disease is:

Answer 38

When the animal has visible signs.

Question 39

No visible signs of a disease is:

Answer 39

Subclinical

Question 40

A Paracute disease is:

Answer 40

sudden and severe

Question 41

An acute disease is:

Answer 41

rapid onset and short duration

Question 42

A Chronic disease is:

Answer 42

gradual onset and long duration

Question 43

Pasturellosis is a ___ disease (infection) commonly seen in ___ that can't be cured.

Answer 43

chronic, rabbits

Question 44

Active Immunity

Answer 44

Response of the immune system in which Lymphocytes and antibodies are produced in reaction against an invading antigen.

Question 45

Passive Immunity

Answer 45

From mother.

Question 46

What is Transient Ataxia?

Answer 46

Ataxia brought on by tranquilizers or anesthetics.

Question 47

Puritis

Answer 47

persistant itching

Question 48

Enteritis

Answer 48

Swollen intestines leading to diahrea

Question 49

Mating unrelated animals (mice) in a closed colony results in a "sterilized" genetic composition called what?

Answer 49

Outbred stocks

Question 50

What are examples of outbred mice, supplied by Swiss Webster?

Answer 50

CD-1, ICR, CFW

Question 51

At least 20 consecutive strains of brother/sister mating, which results in ____ strains of mice (animals).

Answer 51

Inbread

Question 52

Examples of common inbred strains (6 listed)

Answer 52

BalbB/c (albino), C3H (agouti), C57BL/6 (black), DBA (brown, oldest strain), FVB (albino), 129 (light bellied agouti).

Question 53

Hybrid Strains are a mix of 2 strains. If you mate 1 pair of a female C57BL/6, with a male C3H, what will the offsprings formula be?

Answer 53

B6C3F1

Question 54

A mucus plug only stays in place for__.

Answer 54

24hrs

Question 55

Weight gain in mice starts how many days into gestation?

Answer 55

13 days

Question 56

Post-partum estrus can start how quickly after parturition in mice?

Answer 56

14-28 hrs

Question 57

Mouse estrus is how often?

Answer 57

every 4-5 days

Question 58

Mice gestation is how long?

Answer 58

19-21 days

Question 59

Mice are born altricial. What does this mean?

Answer 59

They are hairless, with eyes and ears closed.

Question 60

When do mice first open their eyes/ears and grow fur?

Answer 60

10-14 days after birth.

Question 61

From BC1-BC5, which is obese and which is emaciated?

Answer 61

Emaciated BC1-Obese BC5

Question 62

What are the key pts in each BC rating?

Answer 62

BC1- prominante skeleton and vetebral segments, BC2-vetebral column evident w/ pelvis palpable, BC3-well conditioned w/ palpable skeleton, BC4- ,BC5- smooth and bulky body, bone structur "dissapear".