LATG Motherload Flashcards
This fungal infection leads to fatal wasting disease in xenopus laevis. Caused by bacteria Batrachochytrium bendrobatidis. Thickens skin and decreases ability to regulate.
Chytridiomycosis
This systemic mycosis is rarely clinical. Can be opportunistic in immunosurpressed animals, causing fatalities.
Pneumocytis species
This is a opportunistic yeast in NHP’s
Candida albicans and cryptococcus
This can lead to cryptococcal meningitis in guinea pigs.
Cryptococus
This is a mold that can cause systemic / lung infections in rabbits, which are somettimes fatal.
Aspergillus
This is most commonly caused in lab animal by encephalitzoan cuniculi. It is both zoonotic and opportunistic.
Microsporidosis
Can cause lethargy, tremors and paralysis in rabbits. While subclinical in guinea pigs, mice and squirrels.
(Shed in urine if subclinical in rabbits).
Microsporidosis
A common pathogen in zebra fish.
pseudoloma neurophilia
An infestation is a parasite____of the body.
Outside
Flagellates, cilliates, apicomplexans and ameobas are _____ which are __cellular.
protozoa, unicellular.
Protozoa have 2 stages, which are:
trophozoite and cyst.
Causes zoonotic dysentary
entamoeba histolytica
Giardia and trichomonas are both:
flagellates
Important cilliate in research that infects NHPs, humans and pigs.
Balantidium Coli
Cone shaped intracellular parasite that makes spores outside hosts body.
Apicomplexans
This word means ‘worm like”. Includes trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalids and hiradeans.
Helmiths
Fluke category. Flat, with oral and ventral suckers. Aquatic snail life cycle. Liver fluke.
Trematodes
tapeworms are in this category. Diplidium caninum most common (esp. cats and dogs). Make Hydatid cysts.
Cestodes
Whip worms, ascarids, pinworms, hookworms, filaria, leeches, thorny-headed worms are in this category.
Nematode, roundworms
These two groups are part of Nematode group as well as their own groups.
Leeches and thorny-headed worms
Swine whipworm, no eggs, cysts in muscle.
Trichuris spiralis. Causes diarrhea
Toxocara canis, toxocara cati, toxocaris leonima. Commonly seen laboratory parasite.
ascarids
Can cross the canine placenta and affect fetuses.
toxocara canis
NHP’s, rodents and horses can be affected by this parasite. Fecal-oral transmission. Syphacis spp. and aspicularis.
pinworms
Teeth hook onto the hosts intestines and feed on blood. larvae penetrate skin/oral mucosa. Prenatal exposure through dams milk.
Hookworms
Hookworm common in cats/dogs
Ancyclostoma
Hookworm common in Old world Monkeys
Oesophagostoma
Hookworm common in Horses
Strongyles
Roundworms that produce tiny larvae instead of eggs. Spread by mosquitoes and blood sucking insects.
Filaria
This Filaria causes dog heartworm
Dirofilaria immitis
This group has an intermediate host in a roach or beetle.
Acanthocephalid
Leeches are:
annelid
This leech is found in the nostrils of rheus monkeys.
Dinobdella
Examples of arthropods
arachnids, insects, pentastomids
Spiders, scorpians, ticks and mites are all:
arachnids
Arachnids all have:
4 pairs of legs, lifecycle: egg, larvae, nymph, adult.
Acariasis is:
an infestation of mites or ticks
This lung mite effects Old World macaques and leaves small nodules on the tissue.
Pneumonyssus simicola
Psoroptes coniculi
rabbit ear mite
3 pairs of legs/ sometimes wings
insects
There are 2 types of lice. What are they and what is different about their appearance?
Sucking and chewing. Sucking have a narrow head while chewing have a wide head.
What do all lice have in common?
Both are flat, with short antennae and no wings.
Pediculosis is
a lice infection
All lice are ___ ___ and spread through ___ ___.
species specific, direct contact
Polyplax serrata is a:
typical mouse louse
This worm is zoonotic, with a tongue shaped anterior. Sometimes referred to as the tongue-worm.
Pentastomids
Pentastomids effect what areas of the body?
Skin, subcutaneous tissue of reptiles, respiratory tract.
Ivermectin
antiparasitic medication
Why should you be cautious using antibiotics to treat Diarrhea?
Only use broad spectrum. This is to not disturb local/appropriate intestinal flora.
Other name for a hairball.
Trichobezoar
This animal cannot get rid of a hairball because they cannot vomit.
Rabbit
Highly contagious in mouse colonies, though most outbreaks are subclinical. Can cause severe diarrhea and infant death, as well as contaminate inplantable tumors and cell lines.
Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV)
How to remove MHV from colony.
Cesarean or embryo transfer rederivation to save valuable lines/strains.
GI disease that is always subclinical. Difficult to get rid of due to resistance to disinfectants. Embryo rederivation to re-establish colony.
Mouse Parvovirus MPV
Presents in infant mouse 1st two weeks of life. Watery yellow stool. Adults show no clinical signs.
Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice (EDIM)
Most wide-spread mouse viral infection. Spread fecal-oral. Can be clinical/subclinical in immunodeficient mice. Can cause hunching, pneumonia, hepatitis and menigitis.
Mouse Norovirus (MNV)
Ususally subclinical, though rectal prolapse and rough hair coats can occur. Eggs are hard to remove from the environment. Chlorine dioxide, ethylene oxide fumigation and dry heat can work.
Pinworms
These pinworms can be located using a tape test, because eggs are deposited on the perineum.
Syphacia spp.
These pinworms need a fecal flotation to be detected because eggs are deposited in the colon.
Aspicularis Tetrapetra
Medicated rodent feed can be used to treat mouse colonies infected with pinworms. What is the feed medicated with?
Fenbendazole
This bacteria can be found in mice and rats. Causes intestinal inflamation and hepatic neoplasia.
Helicobacter spp. (primarily helicobacter hebaticus)
This type of helicobacter spp. Causes IBD in SCID mice.
Helicobacter bilius.
What is a good way to get rid of helicobacter in a colony?
fostering pups to helicobacter-free mom
How is Helicobacter spread and detected?
fecal-oral and PCR
Corynebacterium bovis is:
a bacterium that causes scaly skin in athymic mice. Highly virulent with low mortality. Cannot be reduced in microisolator or class II biosafety cabinets
Scaly skin in mice is also called:
Hyperkeratotic dermatitis
new/rarely seen respiratory tract disease in rats. Causes head tilt and can easily become endemic. More likely to die if stressed.
Mycoplasmosis pulmonis
Caused by P. Calinic in rats, P. muina in mice and P.oryctolagi in rabbits
Pneumocytosis
Inflammation in lungs, in 8-12 wk old rats. Adult rats have no signs. Increased death during anesthesia. Treatment is usually unsuccessful.
Pneumocytosis
Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatitis (IUD)
Can be mistaken for fight wound. Shoulders and back of c57/b6
Highly contagious carona virus of rats. Affects lacrimal, salivary, and harderian glands. May be subclinical. Decrease in appetite, may lose weight or fail to grow. Eye lesions , may die during anesthesia.
Sialodacryoadentitis Virus (SDAV)
Zoonotic disease that is most dangerous to human fetuses. Usually subclinical in hamsters and mice. Virus shed in tears and urine, with virus staying in kidneys for months. Infected colony should be euthanized.
Lymphacytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Caused by Clostridium piliforme, zoonotic in all mammals. Diarrhea or subclinical. Confirm with PCR or serum or feces. Anti sporal sterilant needed.
Tyzzers Disease.
Nasal Dermatitis / Sore Nose
Gerbils, Increase secretion of Harderian glands. Caused by stress/overcrowding and increased humidity. Poryphin irritates skin and predisposis to staphlococcal bacteria.
Can cause death in Guinea pigs, associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica and streptococcal pneumonia. Anorexia, ruffled fur, dyspnea and nasal discharge.
Bacterial pneumonia
Because rabbits can be subclinical carriers of this disease, they are not housed with Guinea pigs.
Bacterial pneumonia
Pododermatits or___ most commonly effects guinea pigs and rabbits. May also lead to staphylococcus aureus infection
Bumblefoot
Rabbits can be asymptomatic or have nasal discharge, head tilt or ear infection. Abscesses in multiple organs.
Pasteurellosis/ Pasterella multocida.
Fatal viral infection in ferrets that is also common in dogs. Nasal and ocular discharge, fever, inappetance, photophobia. May be followed by ataxia, tremors and paralysis.
Canine Distemper
Ferrets should be given the ferret vaccine and not the canine vaccine for which disease.
Canine distemper
Chronic wasting due to parvovirus. Weight loss, lethargy, tremors, paralysis. Major immunological changes.
Aleutian disease
tumors in inlet cells of pancreas. Hypoglycemia, coma, death. Perdnisone and high protein diets, corn syrup in acute cases. Tumors can be removed, but nodules can occur.
insulinomas
Increase of estrogen in female ferrets from not breeding. Decrease in erythrocytes/anemia. Terminate estrus w/ gonadotropine hormone or ovariohysterectomy.
Aplastic anemia
Kennel cough or _____ ______which is usually mild and/or self-limiting. Can be caused by: Bordatella bronchioseptica, canine adenovirus, parainfluenza, canine herpes virus. Causes dry cough and oral discharge. 15-20 days. Vaccinate.
Infectious Tracheabronchitis
Acute intestinal disease that effects the very old and very young. Body temperature can increase to 41 degrees Celcius. WBC decreases. Rapidly detect virus in feces.
Canine parvo
Otits Externa is caused by:
Mites,(otodectus cynotis)
Heartworm is caused by what parasite?
Dirofilaria immitis
After 6-9 months, dogs with heartworm will have adult worms in which chamber?
Right atrium and pulmonary artery.
Frequent, painful, difficult urination, hemauria and straining. Uroliths. Males contract this more frequently. Increase Water, decrease pH.
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD).
In Cats, Otitis Externa is caused by:
Mites, or notoederes cati, or malassezia pachydermatis
Feline Respiratory Disease is usually complicated by a secondary bacterial infection. It can be caused by what two viruses? Both of which can be vaccinated for.
Feline Viral Rhinotrachitis (FVR) and Feline Calicivirus (FCV).
This disease notably has an interdermal tuberculin test in the eyelid. Slow progression by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycrobacterium bovi. OWM (macaques) are more susceptible than NWM. Usually contracted from humans. Caught through inhalation.
Tuberculosis
This viral infection can be caught by NHP from humans. Rash and upper respiratory signs. Pneumonia, meningitis, abortion of fetus. Humans can be vaccinated from this disease.
Measles
OWM (macaques) are often carriers. Usually asymptomatic, though oral leisons or ulcers can occur. Zoonotic and fatal to humans. Can be passed through cuts/bites/blood/urine. Antiviral drugs are available.
B virus
Simian retrovirus is latent and persistent. Can suppress____ _____and produce ____. Possibly fatal. Use PCR of serum or feces to detect.
Immune system, tumors
Ricketsial disease caused by coxiella burnetti. Passed through body fluids, placenta,aerosal. Human sysmptoms are ususally mild and easily confused with influenza. But may lead to bacterial endocarditis (fatal). Found mostly in sheep, but also cattle, goats, cats and humans.
Q fever
This disease has 3 names. poxvirus. Sheeps and goats primarily, but zoonotic. Endemic in sheep herds.
Orf/sore mouth/ cotnagious ecthyma
Bacterial infection involving pasterella multicidocida.
Sheep and goats primarily. Can Cause septicemia. Respiratory disease and mastitis. Opportunistic bacteria. Can happen as 2ndary infection.
Pasteurellosis
Cessation or reduction in motility in ruminant stomach. Associated w/ grain-heavy diet or sudden diet change, which changes ph in rumen. Signs: lack of rumen sounds, inappetence, diarrhea. Treat w/ warm saline & electrolytes. Extreme cases: canalization, wash out rumen w/ warm saline and reestablish microflora.
Stasis
Caused by acid erosion of stomach mucosa. Due to stress or feed-induced hyperacidity. Listless, anorexic, dark/bloody stool
Gastric ulcers (swine)
Build up of gasses. Reticulum or rumen. Can make incision to relieve pressure.
Bloat
Endemic and multifactorial. Acute and limited influenza, swine fever, porcine circovirus disease (PCVD). Persistant: atropic rhinitis, mycoplasma pneumonia. Minimize housing density, increase ventilation, temperature control, SPF animals, quarantine new animals.
Respiratory disease
caused by low water intake. Lactating sows are susceptible. Increased thirst and constipation, oblivious to surroundings, seizures, death. Slowly re-introduce water to decrease chance of brain swelling.
Salt toxicity/hypernatremia
Abortion, still birth, fatal respiratory disease in piglets. Disease can cross placental barrier. Subclinical in adults. Vaccinate.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)
Porcine Circovirus (PCV 2)
Wasting, poor growth, diarrhea, jaundice, anemia, immunological defects. Aerosal, fecal-oral, contact.
Opportunistic bacteria on skin surface. Enter broken skin. Septicemia, fever arthritis, death. Antibiotics, topical antiseptic.
Staphylococcus Hyicus (swine)
Systemic bacterial infection in joints. Sudden swollen joints sensitive to touch, lameness. Antibiotics.
Joint disease (swine)
Metabolic disease of skeletal muscle. Genetic, particular breeds are predisposed. Triggered by halogenated anesthetic, neuromuscular blockers, stress , exercise. Increease temperature, muscle rigidity and rapid heart rate. Fatal unless treated early. Screen swine for genetic disposition.
Malignant Hyperthermia (swine)
Bacterial septicemia in frogs. Sudden temperature change, increase in population density, dietary change, stress. Bacteria aeromonas hydrophilia. Lack of movement, skin hemorrhage (central around legs). Erosion around toes, feet, jaws. Bacteriocidal antibiotics.
Red leg
Pseudocapillaroides xenopi nemotode found in xenopus laevis skin. Can be subclinical. Parasite overload leads to decreased egg production, dry/rough skin, skin hemorrhage, inappetance, death. Anthelnintics/levanisole to treat.
Cutaneous Capillariasis
Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Xenopus can affect wild population.Can cause thickening of skin, which makes hydration, respiration, thermoregulation, and osmotic pressure control difficult. Loss of righting, loss of flight reflexes, convulsions, death. PCR/itroconozole antifungal medication.
Chytridiomycosis
Distention of body cavity by fluid. Bacterial infection of Aeromonas hydrophilia. Float on top pf tank, can treat with antibiotics, but usually fatal.
Hard bloat/dropsy (frog)
Metabolic disorder of liver and kidneys. Bath in epsen salt water.
Soft bloat/edema (frog)
opportunistic Flavobacterium Columnare. Poor water quality, overfeeding, stress. Skin discoloration, erosive lesions. Bath in chlorumine T at 6-15ppm.
Bacterial Gill disease/Fin Rot
4 types, subclinical to death. Emaciation, skin ulcerations, nodules in abdominal cavity. Resistant to antibiotics as well as bleach and quanternary ammonium used to clean tanks. Remove sick/dead fish as is spread by canabalism of dead fish. Zoonotic, can cause non-healing granulomas on human skin.
Mycobacteriosis
Flagellate Piscenoodinium pillulare. skin and gills. Opportunistic with stress. Velvity film, gold/rust color on Skin. Flashlight can be used to see clearer. Labored breathing and irritated skin. Atabrine and sea salt.
Velvet disease
Most common in freshwater fish in captivity. Fungal parasite Pseudoloma neurophilia. spinal curvature and emaciation. Funafillion (antifungal). Expose tank to UV light sterilization before recirculation. Bleach embryos and remove sick/emaciated fish to remove parasite.
Microsporidiosis
Nematode Pseudocapillaria tomentosa. Gut endoparasite causes wasting disease. Can cause internal cancer. Anthelnitics can remove parasite from fish and water. SPF suppliers.
Intestinal Capillariasis
Skin nodules. Ciliate protozoa Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Infests epithelium and gills. Excessive mucus., white spots, lethargic. Repeated formulin bath of 1:5000.
Ich/white spot disease
Caused by supersaturation of dissolved air in water system. Excess air absorbed in gills, then bubbles form in blood and body. Sudden death of multiple fish may be only sign. Gill Hemorrhage, open mouth respiration (gaping) pertruding eyes w or w/o bubbles. Eliminate source of super saturation of air.
Gas Bubble Disease
Fish excrete amonia in waste directly into tank water. In established tank, bacteria breaks down to nitrates which are harmless. The bacteria species necessary for this take 4-8 weeks to grow large enough in number. Large numbers of fish in a new tank increase the risk of ammonia poisoning. To avoid, seed new tank with small amount of fish and increase number slowly over several weeks.
New Tank Syndrome
Most endoparasites can be detected with what?
Fecal test
This is the least accurate type of fecal test due to small sample size.
Fecal smear
