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Introduction to Computing > Hardware Components of a Personal Computer > Flashcards

Hardware Components of a Personal Computer Flashcards

1
Q

is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

A

System Unit

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2
Q

The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes:

A

Drive bay(s)
Power supply
Sound card
Video card
Processor
Memory

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3
Q

is the main circuit board of the
system unit

A

Motherboard

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4
Q

contains integrated circuits

A

computer chip

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5
Q

interprets and carries out the basic instructions
that operate a computer

A

processor or CPU

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6
Q

Two types of processor

A

control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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7
Q

is the component of the processor
that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

A

control unit

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8
Q

performs arithmetic,
comparison, and other operations

A

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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9
Q

For every instruction, a
processor repeats a set of
four basic operations,
which comprise of a

A

machine cycle

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10
Q

4 steps in a machine cycle

A

store, fetch, decode, execute

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11
Q

The pace of the system clock is called the

A

clock speed

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12
Q

clock speed is measured in

A

gigahertz (GHz)

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13
Q

controls the timing of all computer
operations

A

System Clock

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14
Q

consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data

A

Memory

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15
Q

memory stores three basic categories of items which are

A
  1. The operating system and other system software
  2. Application programs
  3. Data being processed and the resulting information
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16
Q

Each location in memory has an address

A
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17
Q

Memory size is measured in

A

kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)

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18
Q

Exact number of Kilobytes

A

1024

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19
Q

The exact number of Megabytes

A

1,048,576

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20
Q

The system unit contains two types of memory:

A

Volatile and Non Volatile memory

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21
Q

Loses its contents when
power is turned off

A

Volatile Memory

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22
Q

Example includes RAM

A

Volatile Memory

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23
Q

Does not lose contents
when power is removed

A

Nonvolatile memory

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24
Q

Does not lose contents
when power is removed

A

Nonvolatile memory

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25
Q

Three basic types of RAM chips exist:

A
  1. Dynamic RAM
    (DRAM)
  2. Static RAM (SRAM)
  3. Magnetoresistive
    RAM (MRAM)
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26
Q

is a type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. The capacitor can be either charged or discharged

A

Dynamic RAM

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27
Q

has three different states. It can be in: standby (the circuit is idle), reading (the data has been requested) and writing (updating the
contents).

A

Static RAM

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28
Q

is not stored as electric charge or current flows, but
by magnetic storage elements.

A

Magnetoresistive RAM

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29
Q

usually reside on a memory module and
are inserted into memory slots.

A

RAM Chips

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30
Q

speeds the processes of the computer
because it stores frequently used instructions and data

A

Memory Cache

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31
Q

refers to memory chips storing
permanent data and
instructions

A

Read-only memory (ROM)

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32
Q

The amount of RAM necessary in a computer often depends on the types of software you plan to use

A
33
Q

can be erased electronically and
rewritten

A

Flash memory

34
Q

provides high speeds and
consumes little power

A

CMOS technology

35
Q

is a non-volatile storage
device which stores digitally encoded
data on rapidly rotating platters with
magnetic surfaces. Strictly speaking,
“drive” refers to a device distinct from
its medium.

A

Hard Disk Drive or HDD

36
Q

is an optical disc storage
media format

A

DVD

37
Q

Its main uses are
video and data storage

A

DVD

38
Q

are of the same dimensions as
compact discs (CDs) but store
more than six times as much data.

A

DVD

39
Q

is an optical disc storage
medium to supersede the standard
DVD format

A

Blu-ray Disc

40
Q

Its main uses are for
storing PlayStation 3 games, high-
definition video and data storage with
up to 50GB per disc

A

Blu-ray Disc

41
Q

The disc has the
same physical dimensions as
standard DVDs and CDs.

A

Blu-ray Disc

42
Q

consists of a
NAND-type flash memory data
storage device integrated with a
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
interface

A

USB Flash Drive

43
Q

are typically removable and rewritable,
and most USB flash drives weigh
less than an ounce (30 g)

A

USB Flash Drive

44
Q

is a solid-state electronic flash memory data
storage device capable of storing digital
contents.

A

Memory card or Flash Memory Card

45
Q

These are mainly used with digital
cameras, handheld and Mobile computers,
mobile phones, music players, digital
cinematography cameras, video game
consoles, and other electronics.

A

Memory Card

46
Q

They offer high re-record-ability, power-free storage, small form factor, and rugged
environmental specifications.

A

Memory Card

47
Q

is used to type data into the computer.

A

Keyboard (Input Device)

48
Q

move some object on the screen and can
do some action.

A

Pointing Device

49
Q

Other pointing devices such as

A

Joysticks or game controllers

50
Q

allows you to scan documents,
pictures or graphics and view them on the
computer.

A

Scanner

51
Q

It converts image into dots that the
computer can understand.

A

Scanner

52
Q

are used to take electronic pictures
of an object

A

Digital Cameras

53
Q

are used to put sound into a computer. Today, commands can also be given to computer using your voice.

A

Microphones

54
Q

shows the processed information on
screen.

A

Monitor

55
Q

It displays soft copy of the information..
When the device is turned off the information goes away.

A

Monitor

56
Q

produces a hard copy of the
information

A

Printers

57
Q

The information is printed on
paper and can be used when the device is off.

A

Printers

58
Q

are used
to output sound.

A

Speakers

59
Q

These are the physical, tangible
parts of the computer system.

A

Hardware

60
Q

A processor contains small high-speed storage locations, called ____, that temporarily hold data and instructions.

A

Registers

61
Q

A(n) ________ processor is a chip with two or more separate processors.

A

Multicore

62
Q

Each tick of the system clock equates to a ____.

A

Clock Cycle

63
Q

Motorola is the leading manufacturer of Intel-compatible processors, which have an internal design similar to Intel processors, perform the same functions, and can be as powerful, but often are less expensive.

A

False (it is AMD)

64
Q

Optical discs usually are ________ than one-twentieth of an inch thick.

A

4.75 inches in diameter and less

65
Q

Common types of flash memory cards include ________.

A

all other choices are correct

66
Q

Businesses use hard disks to store ________.

A

all other choices are correct

67
Q

________ storage is the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information.

A

Secondary

68
Q

To fit in notebook and many handheld computers, the keyboards usually are ________.

A

smaller and have fewer keys

69
Q

A(n) ________ is an output device that conveys text, graphics, and video information.

A

Display

70
Q

A(n) ________ disc is a type of storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser.

A

Optical

71
Q

Many cloud storage providers offer ________.

A

password encryption and

72
Q

Many personal computer users add surround sound ____ to their computers to generate a higher-quality sound.

A

speakers

73
Q

A(n) ________ is a touch-sensitive display device that users interact with by touching the screen with a finger.

A

touch screen

74
Q

The faster the clock speed, the more ________ the processor can execute per second.

A

Instructions

75
Q

Replacing a motherboard is a fairly simple process, whereas replacing a processor is much more complicated.

A

False

76
Q

Some motherboards include all necessary capabilities and do not require adapter cards.

A

True

77
Q

A(n) ________ mouse uses devices that emit and sense light to detect movement.

A

Optical Mouse

78
Q

A(n) ________ is a chip that controls the manipulation and display of graphics on a display device.

A

GPU

79
Q

A hard copy also is called a(n) ________.

A

printout

Introduction to Computing (8 decks)

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