Introduction to Computer Flashcards by KYLE ROBIN ANDAYA

is an electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own memory

Computer

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Information Processing Cycle

Collects Data (Input)
Processing of Data
Produces information (output)

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can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself

Personal Computer

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Personal computer you can carry from
place to place

Mobile
Computer

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Computing device small enough to hold
in your hand

Mobile Device

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is a mobile computing device designed
for single-player or multiplayer video games

Game Console

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controls access to the hardware, software, and
other resources on a network

Server

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Provides a centralized storage
area for programs, data, and
information

Server

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is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected users simultaneously

mainframe

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is the fastest, most powerful
computer

Supercomputer

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are capable of processing more than
one quadrillion instructions in a
single second

supercomputer

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is a special-purpose computer that
functions as a component in a
larger product

Embedded Computer

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based on Napier’s rules for logarithms

Slide Rule

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used until 1970

Slide Rule

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who created Jacquard Loom

Joseph Marie Jacquard

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is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé.

Jacquard Loom

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was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage

Analytical Engine

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who created Analytical Engine

Charles Babbage

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It was first described in
1837 as the successor to
Babbage’s Difference Engine

Analytical Engine

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Evolution of Computers

1st Generation (Vaccum Tubes)
2nd Generation (Transistors)
3rd Generation (Integrated Circuit)
4th Generation (Microprocessors)
5th Generation (Artificial Intelligence)

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have no air
inside of them, which
protects the circuitry

Vaccum Tubes

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are glass
tubes with circuits inside

Vaccum Tubes

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is an electrical computer
containing thousands of vacuum
tubes that utilizes punch cards and
switches for inputting data and punch
cards for outputting and storing data

UNIVAC

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Programmed UNIVAC
Recipient of Computer
Science’s first “Man of the Year
Award”

Grace Hopper

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The first computer “bug”

Moth

Grace Hopper found a moth stuck in a relay responsible for a malfunction Called it:

Debugging

were smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build.

Transistors

were widely used in computers from 1956 to 1963

Transistors

Developed by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley at the Bell Laboratories on December 23, 1947

Transistors

Used to control the amount of current or voltage or used for amplification/modulation or switching of an electronic signal

Transistors

helped reduce the size of computers even more compared to second- generation computers, as well as make them faster

Integrated Circuit (IC)

along with integrated circuits, it helped make it possible for computers to fit easily on a desk and for the introduction of the laptop.

microprocessor (CPU)

involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

Green Computing

A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as

Hardware

Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Input Device

Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

Output Device

Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data

System Unit

Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media

Storage Device

Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Communication Device

also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them

Software

is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware

Installing

develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information

Programmer

is the raw material

Data

transform data into information

Computer

is processes data

Information

You may be surprised to learn that people are part of the computing process. Somecomputers, such as the computer chip that controls an automobile engine, function without human intervention. But even these computer were designed by people and occasionally require maintenance by people. Most computer require people, who are called

users / end users

are the steps that you must follow to accomplish a specific computer-related task. Part of a user’s computer literacy is knowing common procedures

Procedures

is a collection of numbers represented as bytes that are in turn composed of bits

Data

is processed by the CPU

Data

what are bytes composed of

bits (binary digits)

bits can have a value of

0 and 1

is a term used to describe text that is informative to the individual reading it or the computer processing it

Information

Personal financial management * Web access * Communications * Entertainment

Home user

Look up information * Send and receive e- mail messages * Make telephone calls

Small Office/Home Office User

Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet * Transfer information * Play video games * Listen to music * Watch movies

Mobile User

* Work with multimedia * Use industry- specific software

Power User

* Communicate among employees * Process high volumes of transactions * Blog

Enterprise User

________________________ is a work arrangement in which employees work away from a company’s standard workplace and often communicate with the office through the computer.

Telecommuting

A(n) ________________________ user is a category of user that requires the capabilities of a workstation or other powerful computer.

power

Many large companies use the term, ________ computing, to refer to the huge network of computers that meets their diverse computing needs.

enterprise

You interact with a program through its ______________, which controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.

User interface

With a(n) __________, users interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons.

GUI

Two categories of software are ________.

system software and application software

With ________ software, a home user can play games, compose music, research genealogy, or create greeting cards.

Entertainment

includes any company with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed who work from home.

SOHO