Hazardous Earth SG5

Question 1

What are three reasons we are now more at risk from tectonic hazards?

Answer 1

Urbanisation (high population and building density), Increasing global population, Climate change

Question 2

What are three reasons we are now less at risk from tectonic hazards?

Answer 2

Aseismic design, Education/preparedness, Improved technology (communication and monitoring)

Question 3

Define Hazard

Answer 3

A natural event with the POTENTIAL to threaten life and property

Question 4

Define Disaster

Answer 4

A natural event which DOES impact a population

Question 5

What certain numbers need to be reached for a natural event to be called a disaster?

Answer 5

10 deaths and 100 people affected

Question 6

What is the Disaster Risk equation?

Answer 6

Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability/Capacity to Cope

Question 7

Define Risk

Answer 7

The likelihood that humans will be seriously affected by a hazardous event

Question 8

Define Vulnerability

Answer 8

How susceptible a population is to the damage caused by a hazard

Question 9

Define Capacity to Cope

Answer 9

The ability of people, organisations and systems (using available skills and resources) to manage risk or disasters

Question 10

Define Resilience

Answer 10

The ability too ‘spring back’ from the impacts of a hazard

Question 11

What does capacity to cope require?

Answer 11

Continuing awareness, Resources and Good management, both in normal times as well as during disasters

Question 12

What are three socio-economic factors which influence a population’s degree of vulnerability to tectonic hazards?

Answer 12

Building design and quality, Level of development, Insurance

Question 13

What are three physical factors which influence a population’s degree of vulnerability to tectonic hazards?

Answer 13

Type of hazard, Frequency, Location of epicentre

Question 14

What are three political factors which influence a population’s degree of vulnerability to tectonic hazards?

Answer 14

Stability of the government, Government strategies to protect population, Government spending

Question 15

What fraction of the world’s population will be urban by 2050?

Answer 15

2/3

Question 16

What does the World Risk Index consider?

Answer 16

A number of factors which affect the level of risk to disasters

Question 17

What are the four categories of the World Risk Index?

Answer 17

Exposure, Susceptibility, Coping capacity, Adaptive capacity

Question 18

True or False: The number of recorded geophysical disasters has increased over the last 50 years

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True of False: Deaths caused by tectonic hazards has fallen in recent decades

Answer 19

False

Question 20

True or False: The total number of people affected by geophysical disasters has increased in recent years

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False: The economic impact of tectonic hazards has tended to decrease through time

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Why are none of the top 5 tectonic disasters volcanic eruptions?

Answer 22

Earthquakes can be more unpredictable, Earthquakes impact larger amounts of people due to there being lower population densities around volcanoes

Question 23

What are five reasons data about disasters can be unreliable?

Answer 23

Differences in opinions over whether secondary deaths count, Difficult to collect statistics, Location bias, Political bias, Difficulty interpreting historical data

Question 24

Define Hazard Management Cycle

Answer 24

How we respond to tectonic events can determine how large and how long lasting the disaster is

Question 25

What is the Park's Model of Disaster Response Curve?

Answer 25

An attempt to model the impact of a disaster from pre to post disaster

Question 26

What is Stage 1 of the Park's Model?

Answer 26

Occurs prior to the event and shows that quality of life is at its normal equilibrium level, People do their best to prevent and prepare for events

Question 27

What is Stage 2 of the Park's Model?

Answer 27

The hazard event occurs

Question 28

What is Stage 3 of the Park's Model?

Answer 28

The hazard event has happened and immediate relief is priority with search and rescue and medical attention underway, Quality of life drops and stays low for several hours to days

Question 29

What is Stage 4 of the Park's Model?

Answer 29

Where groups (e.g. government) tries to return the state of things back to normal (rehabilitation) by providing food, water and shelter to those who need it, Quality of life improves

Question 30

What is Stage 5 of the Park's Model?

Answer 30

Refers to the reconstruction and recovery, Quality of life returns to normal (sometimes higher than originally)

Question 31

What five physical factors determine the rate at which quality of life deteriorates?

Answer 31

Type of hazard, Location of hazard, Magnitude of event, Length of occurrence, Speed of onset

Question 32

What four human factors determine the rate at which quality of life deteriorates?

Answer 32

Building quality, Building density, Population density, Level of preparation (e.g. monitoring)

Question 33

What three physical factors determine the rate at which quality of life improves?

Answer 33

Weather, Amount of damage done, Aftershocks

Question 34

What six human factors determine the rate at which quality of life improves?

Answer 34

Community/international response, Crime, Speed and amount of aid, Coordination of agencies, Amount of money/insurance, Land use planning

Question 35

What is the Sendai Framework?

Answer 35

Adopted by UN members in March 2015 and provides a comprehensive guidance for Disaster Risk Reduction

Question 36

What is a key strategy of the Sendai Framework?

Answer 36

"Build Back Better" in order to reduce vulnerability and economic losses from a disaster

Question 37

What are the Sustainable Development Goals (2015 to 2030)?

Answer 37

Latest UN initiative to improve the lives of people, especially in EDCs and LIDCs

Question 38

What are three examples of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

Answer 38

No poverty, Clean water and sanitation, Sustainable cities and communities

Question 39

Define Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

Answer 39

A systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster

Question 40

What does Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) aim to reduce?

Answer 40

Aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them