HC12- Immune response cancer

Question 1

no immunogenicity of cancer (2)

Answer 1

• cancer = own cells
• immune system unable to prevent cancer

Question 2

immunogenicity of cancer (3)

Answer 2

• immune suppression > higher chance of cancer
• immune therapy
• detected immune response against melanoma

Question 3

immunogenicity factors of cancer (6)

Answer 3

• viral antigens > HPV
• expression oncogenes > BRAF, Nras, p53, Her-2/neu
• difference in glycosylation antigens > MUC-1
• expression of embryonal antigens > MAGE, BAGE
• cancer testis antigen > NY-ESO-1
• higher expression of self-antigens > MART-1, gp100, tyrosinase

Question 4

Cancer immunity cycle (CIC)

Answer 4

1 release of cancer antigen
2 cancer antigen presentation
3 priming and activation
4 trafficking of T cells to tumors
5 infiltration of T cells into tumors
6 recognition of cancer by T cells
7 killing of cancer cells

Question 5

release of cancer antigen

Answer 5

cancer cell death

Question 6

cancer antigen presentation

Answer 6

DCs/APCs

Question 7

priming and activation

Answer 7

APCs and T cells

Question 8

trafficking of T cells to tumors

Answer 8

CTLs

Question 9

infiltration of T cells into tumors

Answer 9

CTLs and endothelial cells

Question 10

recognition of cancer by T cells

Answer 10

CTLs and cancer cells

Question 11

killing of cancer cells

Answer 11

immune and cancer cells

Question 12

activation of naive CD8 T cell

Answer 12

MHC-1/ T cell receptor + B7/CD28

Question 13

step 3 CIC > naive T cells need costimulation

Answer 13

autocrine loop of IL-2 induces proliferation and differentiation

Question 14

effector function CD8 T cells (3)

Answer 14

• recognition of HLA/antigen
• T cell activation
• killing target > granzyme B and perforin

Question 15

step 7 CIC

Answer 15

required to induce immune response

Question 16

Innate immune response (5)

Answer 16

• macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells
• NK cells
• fast response > hours
• constant
• limitied number of specificities > receptor recognizes pathogen group

Question 17

cellular adaptive immune response (4)

Answer 17

• CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
• CD4+ helper T cells
• gamma/delta T cells
• regulatory T cells

Question 18

humoral adaptive immune response (2)

Answer 18

• antibodies against cell surface antigens > antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
• antibodies against intracellular antigens > increased uptake antigens by DCs and antigen presentation

Question 19

properties adaptive immune response

Answer 19

• slow > days/weeks
• response gets better in time
• variable > VDJ recombination
• large number of specific responses

Question 20

immune therapy for melanoma > passive (2)

Answer 20

• anti-tumor antibodies
• activated T cells > TIL and engineerd

Question 21

immune therapy for melanoma > active (6)

Answer 21

• tumor vaccines of irradiated tumor cells
• peptide vaccination
• dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens
• immune stimulating adjuvants (TLR ligands)
• cytokines
• blockage of T cell regulation

Question 22

immune escape tumors (3)

Answer 22

• loss of HLA or tumor antigen expression
• resistance against apoptosis
• blocking of T cell functions