Head and neck 1

Question 1

What 4 bones fuse together to form the pterion?

Answer 1

-Parietal, frontal, temporal and sphenoid bone all fuse together to the pterion

Question 2

What artery runs by the pterion?

Answer 2

-The middle meningeal artery runs by the pterion

Question 3

What is brachypehaly?

Answer 3

A condition characterised by a flattened area at the back of the skull

Question 4

What is trigonocephaly?

Answer 4

A congenital condition of premature fusion of the metopic structure leading to a -triangular forehead.

Question 5

What is the sagittal synososis?

Answer 5

Where there is premature closure of the sagittal suture of the skull that causes abnormal growth of the skull resulting in a long and narrow head shape.

Question 6

What is a deformational posterior?

Answer 6

Asymmetry in the posterior cranial vault of the head

Question 7

What is synostotic anterior?

Answer 7

Asymmetrical distortion of the skull

Question 8

What muscles are involved in the protrusion of the jaw?

Answer 8

Lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid

Question 9

What muscles are involved in the retraction of the jaw?

Answer 9

Posterior fibres of temporalis, deep part of masseter and geniohyoid and digastric

Question 10

What muscle is involved in the elevation of the jaw?

Answer 10

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

Question 11

What muscle is involved in the depression of the jaw?

Answer 11

Digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles

Question 12

What are masticatory muscles involved in?

Answer 12

Masticatory muscles are involved in the chewing of food.

Question 13

What muscles are involved in mastication?

Answer 13

• Temporalis
• Medial pterygoid
• Lateral pterygoid
• Masseter

Question 14

What types of portions does the masseter muscle have?

Answer 14

Has superficial and deep portion

Question 15

What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?

Answer 15

Insertion to the zygomatic arch in the inferior and the lateral ramus of the coronoid process

Question 16

What are masseter muscle supplied by?

Answer 16

Supplied by the trigeminal nerve (V3)

-Masseteric nerve

Question 17

What does the masseter help the mandible do?

Answer 17

Masseter helps to elevate the mandible

Question 18

What does the temporalis muscle line the entirety of?

Answer 18

Lines entirety of the temporal bone

Question 19

What does the temporalis muscle insert to?

Answer 19

inserts to the coronoid process of mandible

Question 20

Where does the temporalis muscle have its anterior margin?

Answer 20

Temporalis muscle has the Anterior margin on the ramus of the mandible

Question 21

What is the temporalis muscle supplied by?

Answer 21

Supplied by the trigeminal nerve (V3)

-Temporal nerve

Question 22

What does the temporalis muscle help the mandible with?

Answer 22

Temporalis helps with mandible elevation and retraction

Question 23

Where does the deep head of the medial pterygoid come from?

Answer 23

Deep head comes from the lateral plate of the pterygoid

Question 24

Where does the superficial head of the medial pterygoid come from?

Answer 24

Superficial head comes from the tuberosity of the maxilla

Question 25

What does the medial pterygoid insert into?

Answer 25

Inserts into the underside of the ramus of the mandible.

Question 26

What is the medial pterygoid supplied by?

Answer 26

Supplied by medial pterygoid nerve of the mandibular nerve

Question 27

What does the medial pterygoid help the mandible with?

Answer 27

Medial pterygoid helps with mandible elevation and side to side movements

Question 28

Where does the upper head of the lateral pterygoid come from?

Answer 28

Upper head comes from the roof of the infratemporal fossa

Question 29

Where does the lower head of the lateral pterygoid come from?

Answer 29

Lower head comes from the lateral surface of the lateral plate of the pterygoid process

Question 30

Where does the superior head of the lateral pterygoid insert in?

Answer 30

Superior head inserts in the joint capsule of the temporomandibular joint

Question 31

Where does the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid insert in?

Answer 31

Inferior head inserts in the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

Question 32

What is the lateral pterygoid immerbated by?

Answer 32

Innervated by the lateral pterygoid nerve of the mandibular nerve

Question 33

What does the lateral pterygoid help the mandible with?

Answer 33

mandible protrusion and side to side movements.

Question 34

What does the procerus muscle allow?

Answer 34

-Procerus allows the contractility of the frontal aspects of the face

Question 35

What does alar mean?

Answer 35

-Alar means attachment to the cartilage of the skin of the nose

Question 36

What muscle is involved in whistling?

Answer 36

Buccinator is involved in whistling

Question 37

What duct is the buccinator the opening of?

Answer 37

Opening of the parotid duct

Question 38

What foramen does the facial nerve exit?

Answer 38

Facial nerve exits the stylomastoid foramen

Question 39

What does the facial nerve branch into behind the ear?

Answer 39

It branches into the posterior auricular nerve just behind the ear

Question 40

What gland does the facial nerve pass through?

Answer 40

It also passes through the parotid gland, however not innervated by the facial nerve

Question 41

What level does the common carotid artery bifurcate and what branches does it bifurcate into?

Answer 41

Common carotid arteries bifurcate at level C4 into internal and external branches

Question 42

What does the external branch of the common carotid supply?

Answer 42

external branch will supply everything of the face

Question 43

What does the internal branch of the common carotid supply

Answer 43

Internal branch of common carotid continues on to supply the brain

Question 44

What are the three things that go through the parotid gland?

Answer 44

- Facial nerve - External carotid artery - Retro mandibular vein

Question 45

What risk do venous connections from face and orbit to cavernous sinus poses?

Answer 45

Venous connections from face and orbit to cavernous sinus poses a risk of spread of infection which can give cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 46

How many muscles is the tongue made up of and how many are intrinsic and extrinsic?

Answer 46

Tongue made up of 8 muscles | -4 are intrinsic and 4 are extrinsic

Question 47

Where does the tonsil sit in between?

Answer 47

Tonsil sits in between palatopharyngeal arch and palatoglossal arch

Question 48

What condition is kissing tonsils?

Answer 48

Condition where the tonsils meet in the midline or overlap

Question 49

What are intrinsic muscles of the tongue involved in?

Answer 49

Involved in the shape of the tongue

Question 50

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 50

- Superior and inferior longitudinal muscles | - Transverse and vertical muscles

Question 51

What are extrinsic muscles of the tongue involved in?

Answer 51

Involved in tongue movement

Question 52

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 52

- Genioglossus muscle - Hyoglossus muscle - Styloglossus muscle - Palatoglossus muscle

Question 53

What is the sensory supply of the tongue?

Answer 53

- Hypoglossal nerve(XII) | - Vagus nerve(X)

Question 54

Where is the parotid gland located?

Answer 54

-Parotid gland located behind the ramus of mandible

Question 55

Where is the parotid duct located?

Answer 55

Parotid duct is on the anterior border of the masseter and pierces buccinator

Question 56

What is the parotid papilla opposite?

Answer 56

Parotid papilla is opposite the second upper molar tooth

Question 57

What is parotitis?

Answer 57

Inflammation of the parotid gland

Question 58

What does parotitis present as?

Answer 58

Presents as an acutely painful preauricular swellings

Question 59

What may the patient be with parotitis?

Answer 59

Patient may be toxic with fever and pus exude from the opening of the parotid duct

Question 60

What people are at greater risk of parotitis?

Answer 60

Elderly, debilitated, dehydrated patients with poor oral hygiene or who are on anticholinergic drugs are at greatest risk.

Question 61

What makes up the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 61

- Digastric (anterior and posterior belly) - Geniohyoid - Stylohyoid - Mylohyoid