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Anatomy Axial Test > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck? What is its contents?

A

-anterior: sternocleidomastoid
-posterior: trapezius
-inferior: clavicle
Contains:
scalenes
levator scapulae
splenius capitus
external jugular V
spinal accessory N (CN XI)
subclavian A
brachial plexus

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2
Q

What are the borders of the interscalene triangle? What is its contents?

A

Borders: anterior scalene, middle scalene, 1st rib
Contains:
subclavian A
brachial plexus

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3
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle? What is its contents?

A

-medial: midline of neck
-lateral: sternocleidomastoid
-superior: lower mandible
Contains:
hyoid bone
suprahyoid/infrahyoid muscles (stabilize swallowing/chewing)
common carotid A
internal jugular V
vagus N (CN X)
sympathetic chain
hypoglosal N
glossopharyngeal N
phrenic N

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4
Q

What is contained in the carotid sheath?

A
  • common carotid A (internal/external)
  • internal jugular V
  • vagus N (CN X)
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5
Q

What are the branches from the common carotid?

A
  • internal carotid: enters skull through carotid canal without branching in the neck
  • external carotid: supplies the neck and face with more extra branches
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6
Q

What runs with the carotid A in the anterior tendon sheath? What does it drain?

A
  • internal jugular V

- drains head, face, and neck

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7
Q

What do each of these innervate: vagus N (CN X), sympathetic chain, hypoglossal N (CN XII), glossopharyngeal N (CN IX), and phrenic N?

A
  • vagus N: larynx and parasympathetic innervation
  • sympathetic chain: carries sympathetic fibers to head
  • hypoglossal N (CN XII): tongue and hypoglossal canal
  • glossopharyngeal N (CN IX): taste/sensation to tongue and motor to pharynx
  • phrenic N: C3-5 innervating diaphragm
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8
Q

What is in the endocrine layer of the anterior triangle?

A
  • thyroid glands

- parathyroid glands

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9
Q

What is in the respiratory layer of the anterior triangle? What are the 6 cartilages of the larynx?

A
  • larynx: closes resp. tract during swallowing
    • thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
  • trachea: C-shaped rings
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10
Q

What is in the alimentary layer of the anterior triangle?

A
  • pharynx

- esophagus

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11
Q

Where does the facial N (CN VII) run? What does it innervate? What condition occurs with inflammation of facial N?

A
  • enter through internal acoustic meatus, exits skull through stylomastoid foramen, and runs under parotid gland
  • innervates: muscles of facial expression, taste

-Bell’s palsy

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12
Q

What are the sensory innervations of the trigeminal N (CN V) and where do they enter?

A

V1 Ophthalmic: orbital fissure
V2 Maxillary: foramen rotundum
V3 Mandibular: foramen ovale

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13
Q

Describe the temporomandibular joint articulation.

A
  • head of mandible articulates mandibular fossa (concave) of temporal bone
  • anterior tubercle of temporal bone (convex surface) is anterior to mandibular fossa
  • articular disk: fibrocartilage made from lateral pterygoid tendon and joint capsule
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14
Q

What supports the TMJ?

A
  • boney configuration
  • fibrocartilage
  • joint capsule
  • lateral tempormandibular ligament
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15
Q

Describe the movement of the TMJ.

A
  • first 15 degrees: head of mandible rotates in mandibular fossa
  • 15+ degrees: mandible glides forward on to anterior tubercle and rotates because of lateral pterygoid pulling on it
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16
Q

Where does the Olfactory CN I run and what does it do?

A
  • sits on ethmoid bone above nasal cavity

- sense of smell

17
Q

Where does the Optic CN II run and what does it do?

A
  • runs through optic canal

- sense of vision

18
Q

What nerves travel through the superior orbital fissure to extraocular muscles?

A

-CN III, IV, VI

19
Q

Where does the Vestibulocochlear CN VIII run and what does it do?

A
  • enters temporal bone through internal acoustic meatus to the inner ear
  • balance and hearing
20
Q

What do the CN V nerves become once they leave their respective foramen?

A
  • V1 becomes supraorbital N
  • V2 becomes infraorbital N
  • V3 becomes mental N
21
Q

Where does the Glossopharyngeal CN IX run and what does it do?

A
  • exits jugular foramen

- innervates pharynx and provides taste/sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue

22
Q

Where does the Accessory CN XI run and what does it do?

A
  • exits jugular foramen

- innervates muscle SCM and trapezius

23
Q

Where does the Hypoglossal CN XII run and what does it do?

A

-innervates tongue muscles

24
Q

What nerves run through the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI

25
Q

Describe the innervation of the tongue.

A

Motor: hypoglossal CN XII
Sensation: anterior 2/3 is trigeminal CN V, posterior 1/3 is glossopharyngeal CN IX
Taste: anterior 2/3 is facial CN VII, posterior 1/3 is glossopharyngeal is CN IX

Anatomy Axial Test (3 decks)

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