Pelvis

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the pelvic floor?

Answer 1

• pelvic diaphragm (levator ani muscles)
• external urethral sphincter
• urogenital diaphragm

Question 2

What are the levator ani muscles?

Answer 2

• pubococcygeus
• puborectalis
• iliococcygeus
• coccygeus muscle
• arcus tendineus

Question 3

What nerve runs through the obturator internus and piriformis?

Answer 3

sciatic N

Question 4

What muscles and sphincter are a part of the urogenital diaphragm? What is the epicenter of these structures?

Answer 4

• bulbospongiosus
• superficial transverse perineal
• external anal sphincter
• connect at the perineal body

Question 5

What is the function of the bulbospongiosus in makes?

Answer 5

• increase tone of penile veins so blood can’t come back out to assist with erection
• contracts during climax to push out semen since the prostate’s smooth muscle can’t pust it out all the way
• contracts at the end of urination to push the rest of the urine out from the ureter

Question 6

What is the function of the ischiocavernosus in males?

Answer 6

• ejaculation

- assists with penile regidity

Question 7

What is the function of the bulbocavernosus in females? and where does it O,I?

Answer 7

• runs from the pubic ramus to perineal body

- covers bulb of vestibule (vaginal opening)

Question 8

What is the function of the ischiocavernosus in females? and where does it O,I?

Answer 8

• runs from pubic ramus to ischial tuberosity

- covers crus of clitoris

Question 9

Why doe we have more slow twitch than fast twitch muscles?

Answer 9

-need endurance because we are always contracting when upright

Question 10

What is the Alcock’s canal? Where is it? Where is the male version of this?

Answer 10

• tunnel where pudendal N runs
• behind coccygeus and next to OI

-runs b/w sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 11

What are the 3 functions of the pelvic floor?

Answer 11

• supportive
• sphinteric
• sexual

Question 12

What are the supportive functions of the pelvic floor?

Answer 12

• supports pelvic organs
• reduces force of gravity and intra-abdominal pressure
• pelvic/lumbar stability

Question 13

What are the sphinteric functions of the pelvic floor?

Answer 13

• compression of urethra and rectum for continence

- continence with higher urethral pressure than bladder pressure

Question 14

What are the sexual functions of the pelvic floor?

Answer 14

females:
-hypertrophied= smaller vagina for increased friction and more sensory nerve stim
males:
-assists with maintaining erection

Question 15

What are the 3 phases of the bladder? Is voiding passive or active?

Answer 15

• storage, filling, emptying

- passive event

Question 16

What is the neural input of the bladder?

Answer 16

• sympathetic nervous system promotes storage by keeping tone in internal sphincter and relaxing detrusor muscles
• parasympathetic promotes bladder emptying by doing the opposite

Question 17

What is the bladder cycle?

Answer 17

1) ureters fill bladder
2) detrusor is stretched and sends messages to brain for emptying
3) brain responds with relaxing of internal sphincter and gentle detrusor contraction
4) voluntary external sphincter relaxation
5) voiding
6) brain tells detrusor to relax

Question 18

What are the 3 classifications of dysfunction?

Answer 18

• poor sphincter closure
• poor support of pelvic organs (prolapse)
• hypertonia (pain)
• poor coordination w/ deep stabilizers (multifidus, TA)
• poor coordination w/ global muscles (LBP)

Question 19

What can cause decreased muscle coordination in the PF?

Answer 19

• hypertonia
• detrusor
• diaphragm

Question 20

What is the function of the prostate gland? What is the biggest issue for the prostate gland?

Answer 20

• surrounds the urethra and thins/liquefies seminal fluid, nourishes sperm, and protects sperm from acidity
• enlargment due to benign prostatic hyperplasia or cancer