Head and Neck anatomy

Question 1

How many cranial bones are there?

Answer 1

8

Question 2

How many facial bones are there?

Answer 2

14

Question 3

What are the 3 cranial sutures?

Answer 3

coronal (front)
saggital (middle)
lambdoid (back)

Question 4

What is the purpose of cranial sutures?

Answer 4

Cranial sutures allow for the skull to move over during the birth process

Question 5

How long do the cranial sutures take to close over?

Answer 5

A year to a year and a half

Question 6

What are the fontanelles?

Answer 6

Fontanelles allow for stretching and deformation of the neurocranium both during birth and later as the brain expands faster than the surrounding bone can grow

Question 7

What are the bones of the cranial base?

Answer 7

Ethmoid 1
Frontal 1
Occipital 1
Sphenoid 1
Temporal 2

Question 8

What is the name of the hole in the middle of the skull?

Answer 8

Foramen Magnum

Question 9

What shape is the sphenoid bone?

Answer 9

Butterfly shape

Question 10

What bone forms the foreman magnum?

Answer 10

The occipital lobe

Question 11

What is the artery found near temporal bone?

Answer 11

middle meningeal artery

Question 12

What does bursting the middle meningeal artery cause?

Answer 12

Extradural haemorrhage

Question 13

What bones are visible from the top of the skull?

Answer 13

Frontal bone
Occipital bone
Parietal bone
Temporal Bone (squamous part)

Question 14

What is the weakest part of the skull?

Answer 14

Pterion

Question 15

What is the thinnest bone in the body?

Answer 15

Lacrimal bone

Question 16

What cranial nerves are involved in the eye socket?

Answer 16

Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)

Question 17

What is another name for the eye socket?

Answer 17

The orbit

Question 18

What cartilage is found in the nose?

Answer 18

Septal cartilage

Question 19

What bone is found in the nose?

Answer 19

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 20

What is the main arterial blood supply to head and neck?

Answer 20

Arch of aorta
Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
external carotid artery (several branches)

Question 21

What are other arteries found in head and neck?

Answer 21

Ascending pharyngeal - supplies pharynx
Superior thyroid- supplies thyroid
Lingual - supplies floor of the tongue
Facial
Occipital- supplies skin goes towards occipital bone
Posterior auricular- supplies part of ear
Superficial temporal - goes up the temporal bone
Maxillary

Question 22

What does the internal jugular vein do?

Answer 22

Drains the cerebellum, the inside of the skull and most of the external structures

Question 23

What is the cavernous sinus?

Answer 23

The cavernous sinus is an unconventional venous system in the sense that it does not have a unidirectional flow of blood.

Question 24

What is the dural venous sinus?

Answer 24

Dural venous sinuses are venous channels located intracranially between the two layers of dura mater

Question 25

What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 25

ophthalmic nerve (V1) the maxillary nerve (V2) mandibular nerve (V3) Mixed nerve

Question 26

What two ligaments make up the TMJ?

Answer 26

Sphenomandibular ligament and the lateral ligament

Question 27

What muscle of mastication opens the mouth?

Answer 27

Lateral Pterygoid

Question 28

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 28

Masseter Temporalis Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid

Question 29

What nerve supplies the mandible?

Answer 29

Inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular part of the trigeminal nerve)

Question 30

What is the articular surface?

Answer 30

Make smooth movement between two bones, hyaline cartilage

Question 31

What is the function of the temporalis?

Answer 31

Elevates and retracts the mandible

Question 32

Where is masseter located?

Answer 32

Comes from the zygoma down to the angle of the mandible?

Question 33

What are the two parts of the masseter?

Answer 33

Superficial part and the deep part

Question 34

What is the function of the medial pterygoid?

Answer 34

Elevates and protrudes the mandible

Question 35

What is the brachial plexus?

Answer 35

The brachial plexus is the network of nerves that sends signals from your spinal cord to your shoulder, arm and hand

Question 36

What is the nerve supply to the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 36

Accessory

Question 37

What does the sternocleidomastoid do on its own, and what do they do acting together?

Answer 37

On its own rotation of the head towards the opposite side and superior rotation of the head. Joint contraction with the left and right results in flexion of the neck

Question 38

What is torticollis?

Answer 38

Twisting of the neck that causes the head to rotate and tilt at an odd angle

Question 39

What are the two major branches of the common carotid artery and what do they supply?

Answer 39

External- face, tongue Internal-Brain

Question 40

At what cervical level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

Answer 40

C4

Question 41

Why does stenosis occur at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?

Answer 41

Change of direction of blood flowing superiorly

Question 42

Why may the hypoglossal nerve be partially sectioned to reinnervate another nerve close by?

Answer 42

Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis

Question 43

What does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 43

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Question 44

Why are secretions produced by the thyroid gland important?

Answer 44

Essential for normal neural and growth development

Question 45

What is the arterial supply of the thyroid gland?

Answer 45

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 46

What emergency procedure is undertaken between the thyroid and crichoid cartilages?

Answer 46

cricothyroidotomy

Question 47

What comprises the 'strap' muscles?

Answer 47

Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid Sternothyroid

Question 48

What is the function of the 'strap' muscles?

Answer 48

Depression of the hyoid bone in swallowing

Question 49

What is the function of the digastric muscle?

Answer 49

Opens the jaw