Head and Neck General Questions Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Levator Labii Superioris M.
Function
A
Elevates Upper Lip (smiling muscle)
Raises angle of Lip
1
Q
Orbicularis Oculi M.
Function
A
Sphincter M.
Closes Eye (upper lid)
2
Q
Zygomaticus Major M.
Function
A
Pulls corner of mouth superiorly + laterally
3
Q
Depressor Labii Inferioris M.
Function
A
Pulls lower Lip Inferiorly + Laterally (frowning)
4
Q
Platysma M.
Function
A
Tenses skin of neck
5
Q
Occipitofrontalis M.
Function
A
Elevates eyebrows (shock, horror)
6
Q
Buccinator M.
Function
A
Clenches cheek against teeth, constricts mouth (blowing gum)
7
Q
Orbicularis Oris M.
Function
A
Sphincter M.
Protrudes Lips, Puckers Mouth (kissing)
8
Q
Labial A. (Sup. + Inf.) supplies blood to…
A
Lips
- some to gum area
9
Q
Middle Meningeal A. is a branch of…
A
Maxillary A.
10
Q
What goes through the Foramen Magnum
A
2 Vertebral A.
11
Q
What goes through Carotid Canal
A
Internal Carotid A.
12
Q
What makes up Cerebral Arterial Circle
(Circle of Willis)
A
Anterior Cerebral A.
Anterior Communicating A.
Ophthalmic A.
Internal Carotid A.
Posterior Cerebral A.
Posterior Communicating A.
Basilar A.
Vertebral A.
13
Q
Superficial Temporal V. drains into…
A
Retromandibular V.
14
Q
Superior + Inferior Ophthalmic Veins drain into…
A
Angular V.
15
Q
Angular V. drains into…
A
Facial V.
16
Q
Most deep Mater
A
Pia Mater
17
Q
Most superficial Mater
A
Dura Mater
18
Q
What separates Cerebellum + Cerebrum
A
Tentorium Cerebelli
19
Q
Frontal Lobe
-Location
-Function
A
- frontal bone
- forehead
- executive function (memory , higher learning)
- movement
- control of speech
- language comprehension
20
Q
Temporal Lobe
-Location
-Function
A
- L + R
- Temporal Bone
- Hearing, Speech, Memory
- long term visual memory
- language
21
Q
Parietal Lobe
-Location
-Function
A
- Parietal Bone
- Sensory, Memory
- Skin (touch, pain, temp)
- sensory input
- numerical reasoning
- language
22
Q
Occipital Lobe
-Location
-Function
A
- Occipital Lobe
- Visual Cortex
- Processing Memory w/ Visualization
23
Q
Primary Motor Cortex
-Location
-Function
A
- Frontal
- Skilled Movement (fine motor skills)
24
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
-Location
-Function
- Pariteal
- Receive sensation from Somatic N. (touch from skin, visceral : stomach hungry)
25
Corpus Callosum
- Connect L + R side of Brain
- Allows Communication b/w sides
26
Fornix
- C - shaped bundle of nerve fibers
- Hipocampus
- Limbic system (emotion)
- recall tasks
27
Thalamus
- sensory signals
- alertness/consciousness
- 'operator of brain'
28
Limbic Lobe
- arch shaped
- processes info within limbic system
- made up of frontal + parietal lobes
29
Pineal Gland
Function
- not fully understood
- produce regulatory hormones (melatonin)
- regulation while sleeping (basal functions)
30
What is known as the tree of life
Cerebellum
31
Limbic System
Function
- emotion
- motivation
- memory, learning
32
What makes up Limbic System
- Hippocampus
- Fornix
- Basal Ganglia
- Amygdala
- Mamillary Bodies
33
Hippocampus
Function
- events and their context, including emotions
34
Basal Ganglia
Function
- working memory
- motivation
- coordination of eye movement
35
Amygdala
Function
- emotional processing
- motivation
basal emotions
- fear, love, desire
36
Mamillary Bodies
Function
- relay for impulses from amygdala to hippocampus
37
Cerebellum
Function
- fine tuning of memory
- storage of memories
38
Function of Ventricles in Brain
Production of Cerebrospinal Fluid
39
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Function
- protect brain
- protect spinal cord
- supply nutrients to tissues
- remove waste products
40
Cerebral Aqueduct
Connects 3 + 4 ventricle
41
Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)
Inf. to spinal cord transitions
Between L3 + L4 vertebra
42
What makes up the Hyoid Muscles
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid
43
Geniohyoid M. is innervated by...
Cervical N. (C1)
44
Anterior belly Digastric M. innervated by...
CN V3 - Trigeminal N. , Mandibular Division
45
Posterior belly Digastric M. innervated by...
CN VII - Facial Nerve
46
Suprahyoid Muscles
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastic Muscles
Geniohyoid
47
Infrahyoid Muscles
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
48
Mylohyoid
Location + Function
(mandible to hyoid)
- raises oral cavity
- elevate hyoid
- elevate tongue
- depress mandible
49
Thyrohyoid
Location + Function
(thyroid to hyoid)
- depress + elevate hyoid
50
Sternohyoid
Location + Function
(sternum to hyoid)
- depress hyoid
51
Sternothyroid
Location + Function
(sternum to thyroid)
- depress thyroid cartilage
52
Stylohyoid
Location + Function
(styloid process to hyoid)
- help elevate hyoid when swallowing
53
Omohyoid
Location + Function
(shoulder to hyoid)
- depress hyoid + larynx
- allows hyoid to rotate
54
Infrahyoid muscles are also known as...
Strap muscles
55
How many parathyroid glands
4
56
Where does the thyroid gland form?
tongue
57
Scalene Muscles
Function
- stabalizing of head
- motions of head
- respiration
58
Anterior Scalene M.
Location + Function
- insert on 1st rib
- lifts 1st rib
59
Middle Scalene M.
Location + Function
- longest
- insert on 1st rib
- lifts 1st rib
60
Posterior Scalene M.
Location + Function
- insert on 2nd rib
- lifts 2nd rib
61
Temporalis + Masseter M. innervated by...
Trigeminal N.
62
3 Major Regions of Pharynx
Nasopharaynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
63
Nasopharynx
- superior
- base of skulll to soft palate
- behind nasal region
64
Oropharynx
- behind oral cavity
- uvula to Hyoid M.
65
Laryngopharynx
- inferior
- throat connects to esophagus or trachea
- food + liquids = esophagus
- air = trachea
66
Pharyngotympanic tube
Function
change in altitude
67
What goes through Jugular Foramen
CN IX
CN X
CN XI
68
What goes through Foramen Ovale
CN V3 - Mandibular Division
69
What goes through Hypoglossal Canal
CN XII
70
What goes through Superior Orbital Fissure
CN III
CN IV
CN V1 - Ophthalmic Division
CN VI
71
What goes through Foramen Rotundum
CN V2 - Maxillary Division
72
Function of Frontal Sinus
Maintain air regulation
73
Where is pituitary gland located
Sella Turcica
74
What goes through Internal Acoustic Meatus
CN VII
CN VIII
75
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle Function
Protrude
Side to Side motion
76
Medial Pterygoid Function
Helps close jaw
Side to Side motion
77
Levator Palpebrae Superioris Function
Opens Eyelid
78
Superior Rectus Function
Elevate eye
(eyeroll)
79
Lateral Rectus Function
Lateral Rotation
80
Inferior Oblique Function
External Rotation
81
Inferior Rectus Function
Depress Eye
(looking down)
82
Medial Rectus Function
Medial Rotation
83
7 bones of orbit
frontal
ethmoid
lacrimal
maxilla
zygomatic
sphenoid
patatine
84
What makes up hard palate
maxilla + palatine
85
What gives blood to nasal cavity
only
- ophthamic a
- sphenopalatine a
86
Sphenopalatine branches from what a.
Maxillary a.
87
Nasal a. gives blood to
External Nose
88
What goes through Superior Meatus
Sphenoid Sinus
89
What goes through Middle Meatus
Ethmoid Sinus
Frontal Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
90
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic
Intrinsic
- Change shape of tongue
Extrinsic
- Move tongue around oral cavity
91
Palatoglossus Function
Raises back of tongue
92
Styloglossus Function
Comes off styloid process
Retract Tongue
Help elevate tongue
93
Hyoglossus Function
Depress tongue
Help retract tongue
94
Geniohyoid Function
- Suprahyoid Muscle
- Help carry hyoid
- Tongue downward closer to hyoid
95
Genioglossus Function
- Depresses + protrudes tongue
- Lowers tip of tongue
96
Where does the thyroid form
Foramen Cecum
97
Branches off Lingual A.
Deep Lingual A.
Dorsal Lingual A.
98
What comes off the Dorsal Lingual A.
Sublingual A.
99
Dorsal Lingual A. supplies...
- muscous membrane
- glossopalatine arches
- tonsils
- soft palate
- esophagus
- epiglottis
100
Deep Lingual A. supplies...
- terminal branch of lingual a.
- blood to tongue itself
101
Sublingual A. supplies...
- sublingual gland
- mylohyoid m.
102
CN XII - Hypoglossal N. innervates what tongue muscles
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
103
Epiglottis Function
Closes + Separates Trachea
Folds and shut off airway when swallowing
104
Palatine Tonsil Function
Maintain immune system of oral cavity
105
Uvula
- gag reflex
- produces saliva
106
Palatoglossal Arch
- made up of 2 palatoglossal muscles
- helps position of posterior tongue
- elevate tongue
- draws soft palate inferiorly
107
Palatopharyngeal Arch
- made of 2 palatopharyngeal muscles
- elevate pharynx
- position pharynx anteriorly + medially to help block
108
What produces the majority of saliva
Parotid Gland
109
Paralingual Space
- store saliva
- glands formed here
110
Musculus Uvulae
elevates uvula
vagus n.
involuntary
111
3 phases of deglutition
oral phase
pharyngeal phase
upper esophageal phase
112
oral phase of deglutition is...
somatic + voluntary
113
What makes larynx
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
tracheal cartilage
114
Arytenoid Cartilage Function
allows vocal cords to tense + relax
115
All intrinsic mm. of larynx are innervated by..
recurrent laryngeal n.
- off vagus n.
116
Vocalis Function
change thickness of vocal folds
117
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Function
Adducts vocal cords
118
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Function
Abducts vocal cords
119
Cricothyroid M. Function
Tighten vocal ligaments
120
Cricothyroid M. is innervated by..
Superior Laryngeal N.
- branch of Vagus n.
121
True Vocal Cords
- inferior
- vocal ligaments
- minimal
122
False Vocal Cords
- superior
- more delicate
- assist in breaking up sound
- produce deep sounds
123
Thyroarytenoid Function
Adduct vocal cords
124
What arteries anastamose
superior thyroid aa.
inferior thyroid aa.
125
Paranasal Sinus Function
- drainage
- makes bones lighter
- produces nitrous oxide
126
Mandibular Condyle Function
open and close jaw
127
3 parts of a tooth
crown
neck
root
128
Enamel Function
protect dentin and pulp chamber
129
Pulp Chamber Function
blood in and out
130
Iris Function
open and close
allows pupil to increase or decrease in size
allows light to enter
131
Lacrimal Gland
Function and Inn
Function: tears formed
Inn: Facial N.
132
White part of eye is called
sclera
133
What is the conjunctiva and function
covers sclera
layer of protection
134
Major blood supply for eye itself
opthalmic a.
135
Major blood supply for obicularis oculi
opthalmic and angular aa.
136
2 parts of eye
aqueous body
vitreous body
137
Lens Function
transport disk
focus light + object
change thickness
138
Aqueous body
filled w/ aqueous fluid
constantly replaces
139
Vitreous body
filled w/ viterous humor
does not replace
140
ciliary body + muscle
when contracting, pulls on zonular fibers
141
Zonular Fibers Function
hold lens in place
142
Retina Function
photoreceptor
processes light + color
143
Choroid
provides oxygen + nutrients to eye itself
144
Photoreceptors
Rods: low vs high light
Cones: distinguish color (red, green, blue)
145
Fovea Centralis Function
-depression within macula
-highest visual aquity
146
Macula Lutea
-lateral to optic disk
-high visual aquity
147
What happens when ciliary m. contracts
zonular fibers relax
lens more rounded
148
All infrahyoid m. are inn by
cervical spinal nerve
149
