Head, Neck, CNS Flashcards
(46 cards)
S. pyogenes - Epidemiology
“Strep throat /
scarlet fever affect 5M/yr, invasive kills 25k /yr”
S. pyogenes - Encounter
“Nasopharynx
and skin, transferred through droplets or skin contact”
S. pyogenes - Entry
“Adhesins bind to cell
surface, keratinocytes, ECM, and host hyaluronic acid receptor”
S. pyogenes - Virulence
“M-protein prevents
complement opsonization, HA capsule evades immune system, S-protein, IgG degredation”
S. pyogenes - Spread
“Usually localized due to being non-motile, but moves to muscle when streptokinase, hyaluronidase, and DNAase are included”
S. pyogenes - Symptoms
“Strep throat: sore throat,
fever, headache, chills
Scarlet fever: High fever, strawberry tounge, red rash, swollen neck glands
Complications: Acute rheumatic fever, APSGN”
Strep pyogenes - Diag / Treatment / Prevention
D: Skin infection visual identification, rapid strep tests and throat cultures
T: “Penicillin / Amoxcillin, or
Cephalosporins / Macrolides”
P: No vaccine,just good hygiene
Strep pneumoniae - Epidemiology
“10M annual visits,
immunocompromised, babies and elderly at high risk, “
Strep pneumoniae - Encounter
“Spread through air
droplets from nose”
Strep pneumoniae - Entry
“When it leaves nasopharynx and infects other airway portions”
Strep pneumoniae - Virulence
“Biofilms through PspA
and NanA, PavA prevents phagocytosis, IgA protease, Autolysin for immunomodulation”
Strep pneumoniae - Spread
“Senses env’t changes from viral infections (temp. inc.), enters lymph vessels and bloodstream”
Strep pneumoniae - Symptoms
“Meningitis (headache, fever,
seizures), pneumonia”
Strep pneumoniae - Diag / Treatment / Prev.
D: “Fluid in ear, CSF if meningitis, urine antigen test for severe cases, blood agar hemolysis”
T: Vancomycin, Cephalosporin
P: “PCV20 vaccine helps but has
mild side effects”
N. meningiditis - Epidemiology
“1/10 have it in respiratory system, hyperendemic in sub-saharan Africa, Only half of the serogroups are invasive”
N. meningitidis - Encounter
“Resistance appearing against penicillin and ciprofloxacin”
N. meningitidis - Entry
“Opacity proteins attach and invade cells, T4SS nose twitching motility”
N. meningitidis - Virulence
“Polysialic acid capsule, MspA serine protease, IgA protease, complement degredation, LOS, antigenic variation”
N. meningitidis - Spread
“Sharing spit or saliva with close and lengthy contact”
N. meningitidis - Symptoms
“Meningitis (headache, fever,
seizures), long term deafness, brain damage”
N. meningitidis - Diag / Treatment / Prev.
D: “Blood and CSF culturing / staining”
T: “Penicillin or Chloramphenicol + Ciprofloxacin”
P: “3 Meningococcal vaccines for different serotypes”
Listeria - Epi
“Sporadic, low infection rate but high mortality rate”
Listeria - Encounter
“Water and soil sources, infected farm animals or contam. Food”
Listeria - Entry
“Hematogenous, neural pathways, or trauma (like all CNI’s)”
