STI

Question 1

Herpes - Epi

Answer 1

“HSV1, 2, and varicella (VSV); 63% of adults have HSV1, 3.7 billion under 50 have at least one worldwide “

Question 2

Herpes - Encounter

Answer 2

“Direct contact
thru saliva and secretions”

Question 3

Herpes - Entry

Answer 3

“Binds TNF / nerve growth factor receptors”

Question 4

Herpes - Virulence

Answer 4

“Evades immune system through peripheral ganglia, latency prevents elimination”

Question 5

Herpes - Spread

Answer 5

“Infects mucus membranes”

Question 6

Herpes - Symptoms

Answer 6

“Itching / burning, white ulcers, reactivation through stress, encephalitis or blindness (VSV gives rash then latency)”

Question 7

Herpes - DTP

Answer 7

D: “Lesion scraping, antibody blood test”
T: “Acyclovir stops viral replication”
P: “Shingles (VSV) vaccine, use protection and avoid active contact”

Question 8

N. gonorrheae - Epi

Answer 8

“650k cases, 2nd most common reportable STI”

Question 9

N. gonorrheae - Encounter

Answer 9

“Contact w/ genital secretions”

Question 10

N. gonorrheae - Entry

Answer 10

“Attach to human genital epithelia, and anchor using pili and LOS”

Question 11

N. gonorrheae - Virulence

Answer 11

Multi-drug res (efflux pumps), surface modification for immune evasion, no Opa so neutrophils can’t target it, IgA protease, catalase, LOS

Question 12

N. gonorrheae - Spread

Answer 12

“Multiply in neutrophils, enter bloodstream and shed a lot in genital secretions”

Question 13

N. gonorrheae - Symptoms

Answer 13

“Burning while urinating, discolored discharge, swollen testicles, bleeding between periods, neonatal conjunctivitis”

Question 14

N. gonorrheae - DTP

Answer 14

D: “Nucleic acid amplification, infected neutrophil sampling, culturing”
T: “Resistance everywhere, try everything”
P: “Education, early treatment, partner notification”

Question 15

Chlamydia - Epi

Answer 15

1.6M 2022 US cases, 128.5M Worldwide, hyperendemic in poor rural areas, affects women and minorities more often

Question 16

Chlamydia - Encounter

Answer 16

“Contact w/ genital secretions, hand to eye spread, or vert. transmission”

Question 17

Chlamydia - Entry

Answer 17

“Infects mucosal epithelia through abraded skin, MOMP attachment”

Question 18

Chlamydia - Virulence

Answer 18

“T3SS-evolved inclusions to get nutrients, host molecule mimicry”

Question 19

Chlamydia - Spread

Answer 19

“Become reticulate bodies after cell entry, getting nutrients and not causing symptoms”

Question 20

Chlamydia - Symptoms

Answer 20

“Cervical discharge and
bleeding, pelvic pain, urethritis”

Question 21

Chlamydia - DTP

Answer 21

D: “Urine sample and PCR
amplification, mammalian cell culture”
T: “Azithromycin and doxycycline, test within 60 days”
P: “No vaccine, education and screening”

Question 22

Syphilis (T. pallidum) - Epi

Answer 22

“176k cases 2021 and on the rise, 225k neonatal deaths globally, minority men mainly”

Question 23

T. pallidum - Encounter

Answer 23

“Humans only, sexual contact, blood transfusion or placenta”

Question 24

T. pallidum - Entry

Answer 24

“Binds to ICAM-1 and host glycocalyx, enters through mucus / skin abrasion”

Question 25

T. pallidum - Virulence

Answer 25

"Tpr and BamA block antibody binding, pallilysin degrades fibrin clots and promotes spread"

Question 26

T. pallidum - Spread

Answer 26

"Pallilysin allows for bloodstream spread to organs, joints, and CNS"

Question 27

T. pallidum - Symptoms

Answer 27

"Sore on skin, then fever, weight and hair loss, aches and fatigue are added, and finally gumma formation and organ failure for tertiary."

Question 28

T. pallidum - DTP

Answer 28

D: "Dark field microscopy on sores, fluorescent Ab testing, cardiolipin screening" T: Penicillin G injection P: "No vaccine, just shower and protection"

Question 29

HIV - Epi

Answer 29

"13-34 yrs, MSM, 40M live with HIV in 2023"

Question 30

HIV - Encounter

Answer 30

"Bodily fluids through sexual contact, injection, and mother to child"

Question 31

HIV - Entry

Answer 31

"Attack and persist in immune cells (i.e. Th), binding CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor"

Question 32

HIV - Virulence

Answer 32

"Changing antigens through env genes, lymphoid tissue replication, polysaccharide filled outer layer limits immune response, latency period"

Question 33

HIV - Spread

Answer 33

"Infect helper T's and using them to travel to other lymphoid tissues, then become latent for years, resisting antivirals"

Question 34

HIV - Symptoms

Answer 34

"Fevers, chills, aches, sore throat, fatigue early on, then AIDS causes rapid weight loss, diarrhea, pneumonia, neurologic disorders, prolonged swelling"

Question 35

HIV - DTP

Answer 35

D: "Antibody testing once a year" T: "HAART (multidrug combo), and stem-cell therapy could work in the future" P: "No vaccine, but education, HIV testing, and medical care help"

Question 36

HPV - Epi

Answer 36

"Basically anyone who is sexually active, leading cause of cervical cancer"

Question 37

HPV - Encounter

Answer 37

"Only humans, infects through broken skin"

Question 38

HPV - Entry

Answer 38

"L1 and L2 bind ECM, L2 cleaving causes conformational change"

Question 39

HPV - Virulence

Answer 39

"High genotypic variation through L1"

Question 40

HPV - Spread

Answer 40

"Targets the basal cell layer, non-lytic and shed into the env't"

Question 41

HPV - Symptoms

Answer 41

"Slow development: warts, cancer, respiratory papillomatosis (hoarseness, pneumonia)"

Question 42

HPV - DTP

Answer 42

D: "Warts, PCR, genotypic testing" T: "Warts can be removed by liquid nitrogen or cytotoxic chemicals" P: "Vaccine dec. warts and cancer"

Question 43

T. vaginalis - Epi

Answer 43

"Most common curable STD, high association with other STIs"

Question 44

T. vaginalis - Encounter

Answer 44

"Only humans, spreads through fomites or water"

Question 45

T. vaginalis - Virulence

Answer 45

"Feeds on vaginal lactic acid bacteria to keep pH around 5, host cell nibbling, long persistance"

Question 46

T. vaginalis - Symptoms

Answer 46

"Urination discomfort in men and women"

Question 47

T. vaginalis - DTP

Answer 47

D: "Wet mount microscopy of secretions" T: "Metronizadole" P: "Condoms, partner testing (no vaccine)"