Head, Neck + Neuro Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is the role of astrocytes?
Axon guidance + synaptic support
What is the role of microglia?
Act as a phagocyte- immune defence
What is the role of Schwann cells?
to produce myelin sheath in the PNS
What is the role of oligodendrocytes?
to produce myelin sheath in the CNS
what is the role of satellite cells?
control over the microenvironment of sympathetic ganglia
what is the role of ependymal cells?
to produce CSF
Define “aphasia”
Difficulty with speech
what word would you use to describe one sided weakness?
hemiparesis
why is the central sulcus an important anatomical landmark? (what does it separate?)
separates the parietal and frontal lobes, and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex.
what 3 structures make up the brain stem?
The medulla
-controls breathing, swallowing, blood pressure, and heart rate.
The pons (Latin for “bridge”), -links the cerebellum to the cerebrum.
The midbrain, which governs rudimentary vision and hearing.
what’s Broca’s area responsible for?
motor speech
what is Wernicke’s area responsible for?
language (comprehension of speech)
what is a focal lesion?
Focal lesions are circumscribed areas of injury to brain tissue following brain injury.
what is the difference between white and grey matter?
Grey matter contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons.
White matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts.
[The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin]
what is a venous sinus?
Any of the channels of a branching complex sinus network that lies between layers of the dura mater, and functions to collect oxygen-depleted blood.
Unlike veins, these sinuses possess no muscular coat. Their lining is endothelium, a layer of cells like that which forms the surface of the innermost coat of the veins.
receive blood from the veins of the brain and connect directly or ultimately with the internal jugular vein.
what are the four paranasal sinuses from top to bottom?
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Maxillary
what is the falx cerebri?
fold of meningeal layer of dura mater partition lying between the two hemispheres of the brain
what is tentorium cerebelli?
“tent of cerebellum” “ an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.
what is the fax cerebelli?
a small sickle shaped fold of dura mater, projecting forwards into the posterior cerebellar notch as well as projecting into the vallecula of the cerebellum between the two cerebellar hemispheres
what is the crista Galli?
The crista galli (Latin: “crest of the rooster”) is the upper part of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone[1], which rises above the cribrifrom plate. The falx cerebri (fold of the dura mater) attaches to the crista galli.
The olfactory bulbs of the olfactory nerve lie on either side of the crista galli on top of the cribriform plate.
what is the cranial vault?
the space taken up by the brain
what is the external occipital protuberance?
the bump you can feel at the back of the head. The nuchal ligament and trapezius muscle attach to it
what are the inner and outer tables and the diploe of the skull?
In the cranial bones, the layers of compact cortical tissue are familiarly known as the tables of the skull; the outer one is thick and tough; the inner is thin, dense, and brittle, and hence is termed the vitreous table. The intervening cancellous tissue is called the diploë.
what is the cloves of the skull?
The clivus (Latin for “slope”) is a bony part of the cranium at the skull base, a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellæ that slopes obliquely backward. It forms a gradual sloping process at the anterior most portion of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone.
