Headache

Question 1

What percentage of children by the age of 15 have had a headache?

Answer 1

75%

Question 2

What type of tumour can cause a headache in children?

Answer 2

Craniopharyngioma

Question 3

Migraine in children is what type of pain?

Answer 3

Hemicranial pAIN

Question 4

Acute Migraine in Children treatment? (2)

Answer 4

Triptans

Pain Relief

Question 5

Preventative Migraine in Children treatment? (5)

Answer 5

Pizotifen
Propranolol
Amitryptyline
Topiramate
Valproate

Question 6

When to give treatment for migraine prevention in children?

Answer 6

At least 1 wEEK

Question 7

Tension Headache in children preventative treatment?

Answer 7

Amitryptiline

Question 8

Headaches caused by Raised Intracranial Pressure get worse when? (4)

Answer 8

Cough
Strain
Bending
Woken from Sleep with Headache

Question 9

Analgesic Compound Headaches are particularly a problem with what medication?

Answer 9

Cocodoamol

Question 10

Indications for Neuroimaging? (7()

Answer 10

Features of Cerebellar Dysfunction
Raised ICP
New Focal Neuro Deficit eg New Squint
Seizures
Personality Change
Unexplained Deterioration in School

Question 11

Syncope has what type of mechanism?

Answer 11

Neuro Cardiogenic Mechanism

Question 12

Epileptic Seizure are caused by excessive discharge from?

Answer 12

Cortical Neurons

Question 13

Why do Acute Symptomatic Seizures happen? (4)

Answer 13

Hypoxia Ischaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Infection
Trauma

Question 14

Reflex Anoxic Seizures are common in?

Answer 14

Toddlers

Question 15

What is a Parasomnia?

Answer 15

Night Teror

Question 16

When does a Febrile Convulsion happen?

Answer 16

Between 3 Months and 5 Years of Age

Question 17

A febrile convulsion is associated with?

Answer 17

Fever

Question 18

Febrile Convulsion is a common cause of?

Answer 18

Acute Symptomatic Seizure in Childhood

Question 19

Jerking/Shaking Seizures are what type of seizure? (3)

Answer 19

Clonic
Myoclonic
Spasm

Question 20

Epileptic Fits are chemically triggered by?

Answer 20

Decreased inhibition (GABA)

Question 21

Epileptic Fits are triggered by excessive excitation of? (2)

Answer 21

Glutamate

Aspartate

Question 22

Epileptic Fits are triggered by excessive influx of what ions? (2)

Answer 22

Na and Ca

Question 23

Sensitivity of EEG in Epilepsy?

Answer 23

30-60%

Question 24

MRI of Brain can determine what in epilepsy?

Answer 24

Aetiology

Question 25

What single gene disorder can cause Epilepsy?

Answer 25

Tuberous Sclerosis

Question 26

Anti Epileptic drugs should only be considered in Epilepsy when?

Answer 26

Diagnosis of epilepsy is clear

Question 27

Which Anti Epileptic drug should not be used in girls?

Answer 27

Sodium Valproate

Question 28

First line treatment for generalised epilepsy in children?

Answer 28

Sodium Valprorate or Levetiracetam

Question 29

First line treatment for Focal Epilepsy in children?

Answer 29

Carbamazepine

Question 30

How to treat drug resistant epilepsy in children (3)

Answer 30

Steroids Immunoglobulins Ketogenic Diet

Question 31

Stimulation of what nerve can help in epilepsy?

Answer 31

Vagus Nerve

Question 32

Measurement of Fontanelles is routine until?

Answer 32

Birth-3 Years

Question 33

Microcephaly which is OFC <2 SD is classified as?

Answer 33

Mild

Question 34

Microcephaly which is OFC <3 SD is classified as?

Answer 34

Mod/Severe

Question 35

Microecephaly usually indicates

Answer 35

Micraencephaly

Question 36

What is Micraencephaly?

Answer 36

Small Brain

Question 37

Definition of Macrocephaly?

Answer 37

OFC >2 SD

Question 38

Hydrocephalus is related to what size of brain?

Answer 38

Macrocephaly

Question 39

Hepatosplenomegaly is related to what size of brain?

Answer 39

Macrocephaly

Question 40

What is Plagiocephaly?

Answer 40

Flat head

Question 41

What is Brahcycephaly?

Answer 41

short head/flat at back

Question 42

What is Scaphlocephaly?

Answer 42

Boat shaped skull

Question 43

What is Deformational Plagiocephaly features (4)

Answer 43

Ipsilateral Frontal Bossing Ipsilateral Ear Displaced Anteriorly Ipsilateral Occipitoparietal Flattening Contralateral Occipital Bossing

Question 44

If a baby is flopping from birth what condition to suspect

Answer 44

Neuromuscular Disorder

Question 45

What is the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy gene?

Answer 45

XP21

Question 46

What type of skill in children is delayed in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 46

Gross Motor Skills

Question 47

Symptoms of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (4)

Answer 47

Symmetrical Proximal Weakness Waddling Gait Calf Hypertrophy Gower's Sign Positive

Question 48

What sign is positive in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 48

Gower's Sign

Question 49

A blood level of >1000 Creatinine Kinase indicates what condition in paediatrics?

Answer 49

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Question 50

What cardiac condition is related to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 50

Cardiomyopathy

Question 51

Neuropathy has what site of weakness

Answer 51

Distal weakness

Question 52

Myopathy has what site of weakness

Answer 52

Proximal weakness

Question 53

Myopathy has what type of sensory loss

Answer 53

Pure Motor

Question 54

Reflexes features in Myopathy?

Answer 54

Usually preserved till late

Question 55

Reflexes features in Neuropathy?

Answer 55

Reflexes Lost early

Question 56

Contractors are a present in Neuropathy or Myopathy?

Answer 56

Myopathy