Health And Regulation Of The GI Tract Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is symbiotic?
Both host and inhabitants co-exist in harmony
What is dysbiosis?
A disturbance in the microbiome potentially increasing susceptibility to disease
Potential weight of the gut microbiome?
2 kgs
What are probiotics?
Living microorganisms found naturally in foods ie. yoghurt, kimchi, kombucha or capsules
What are the health benefits of probiotics?
- help to alleviate diarrhoea or constipation
- help alleviate IBS
- help with ulcers, allergies and lactose intolerance
- potentially useful for antibiotic use
Who are probiotics more useful for?
Very young or very old, not so helpful in healthy people
What are prebiotics?
- non digestible carbohydrates (fibre) that are used as food by intestinal bacteria
Where are prebiotics found?
- fruits
- vegetables
- grains
- pulses
What helps regulate the GI tract?
The hormonal (endocrine) and nervous systems coordinate all digestive and absorptive processes
What do hormones and the nervous system control?
- how hungry we feel
- how quickly the stomach empties into the small intestine
- satiety
What changes based on our diet?
Pancreatic secretions
Why does a rapid change in diet often end up in a upset stomach?
A lag in the pancreatic secretion change
What are the 3 primary GI tract hormones?
- gastrin
- secretin
- cholecystokinin (CCK)
What does gastrin respond to?
Immediately responds to the presence of food in the stomach
Where is gastrin secreted from?
The secretory cells in the stomach wall
What does gastrin stimulate?
Other stomach glands to produce hydrochloric acid to maintain low pH
What does secretin do?
Responds to the acidic chyme when it’s released into the small intestine
Where is secretin made?
Secreted from the duodenal wall
What does secretin stimulate?
Stimulates the pancreas to produce bicarbonate rich juices and secrete them into the small intestine to neutralise the acidic chyme
What does CCK respond to?
Responds to the detection of fat or protein in the small intestine
Where is CCK secreted from?
The wall of the small intestine
What does CCK stimulate?
The release of bile from the gallbladder and the release of other pancreatic enzymes
Why is bile secreted into the duodenum?
To emulsify fats
What else does CCK do?
Slows down the movement of the chyme through the small intestine and gastric emptying. Feel fuller for longer.
