Nutrition overview

Question 1

What are the six classes of nutrients?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins and water

Question 2

What do nutrients do?

Answer 2

Support the growth, maintenance and repair of body tissues.

Question 3

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 3

Nutrients that the body either cannot make or cannot make in sufficient amounts.

Question 4

Where are essential nutrients acquired from?

Answer 4

The foods we eat

Question 5

What other non nutrients do foods contain?

Answer 5

Fibres, photochemicals, pigments, additives, alcohols and others

Question 6

What are organic nutrients and name them?

Answer 6

Nutrients that contain carbon:

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• vitamins

Question 7

What are inorganic nutrients and name them?

Answer 7

Nutrients that don’t contain carbon:

• minerals
• water

Question 8

What are macronutrients and name them?

Answer 8

Nutrients that we need in large amounts:

• carbohydrates
• protein
• fats
• water

Question 9

What are micronutrients and name them?

Answer 9

Nutrients we need in smaller amounts:

• vitamins
• minerals

Question 10

What is energy measured in?

Answer 10

Kilojoules (kJ) or kilocalories (kcal)

Question 11

What is the energy density for carbohydrate, protein and fat?

Answer 11

Carbohydrate - 17 kJ/g or 4 kcal/g
Proteins - 17kJ/g or 4kcal/g
Fats - 37kJ/g or 9 kcal/g

Question 12

The amount of energy a food contains depends on?

Answer 12

The amount of carbohydrate, protein and fat it contains

Question 13

Why is alcohol not considered a nutrient?

Answer 13

Because it interferes with the growth, maintenance and repair of the body

Question 14

What is the energy yield of alcohol?

Answer 14

27 kJ/g or 7 kcal/g

Question 15

How is activity in the body fuelled?

Answer 15

It’s fuelled by food as energy is released from bonds within carbohydrate, protein and fat as they are broken down

Question 16

What is metabolism?

Answer 16

The process by which food is broken down to yield energy

Question 17

What are vitamins?

Answer 17

Vitamins are organic, essential nutrients that allow the body to obtain energy from macronutrients

Question 18

What are minerals?

Answer 18

Minerals are inorganic, essential nutrients that are found in the bones, teeth and body fluids

Question 19

Everything we need to survive can be obtained from food with one exception?

Answer 19

Vitamin D

Question 20

How many kilojoules to one kilocalorie?

Answer 20

4.2 kJ = 1 kcal

Question 21

To convert kilocalories to kilojoules multiply by?

Answer 21

4.2

Question 22

To convert kilojoules to kilocalories multiply by?

Answer 22

0.24

Question 23

What does NRV stand for?

Answer 23

Nutrient reference values

Question 24

What are the four categories of NRV’s?

Answer 24

• RDI (recommended daily intake)
• EAR (estimated average requirements)
• AI (adequate intake)
• UL (upper intake level/upper limit)

Question 25

What is the EAR?

Answer 25

Defines the amount of a nutrient that supports a specific function in the body that appears sufficient for half of the population

Question 26

What is the RDI?

Answer 26

The average daily amount of a nutrient estimated to meet the nutritional needs of almost all healthy people

Question 27

Why are RDI’s set above EAR’s?

Answer 27

So they are sufficient to cover 98% of the population

Question 28

Do all nutrients have an RDI?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

Which macronutrient has an RDI.

Answer 29

Protein

Question 30

What is AI?

Answer 30

The average amount of a nutrient that is currently being consumed by healthy populations

Question 31

When is an AI set?

Answer 31

When there is insufficient evidence to determine EAR which is required to set an RDI

Question 32

What is UL?

Answer 32

The upper level of intake is the point beyond which a nutrient is likely to become toxic

Question 33

What does EER stand for?

Answer 33

Estimated energy requirement

Question 34

What is the EER?

Answer 34

The average daily energy intake required to maintain balance, good health and a healthy weight

Question 35

What does AMDR stand for?

Answer 35

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range

Question 36

What does the AMDR represent?

Answer 36

The range of intakes for energy nutrients that provide adequate energy and nutrients and reduce the risk of chronic disease

Question 37

What is the AMDR for carbohydrates?

Answer 37

45 - 65% kJ

Question 38

What is the AMDR for protein?

Answer 38

15 - 25% kJ

Question 39

What is the AMDR for fats?

Answer 39

20 - 35% kJ

Question 40

What is SDT stand for?

Answer 40

Suggested dietary target

Question 41

What are the NRV’s for energy and macronutrients?

Answer 41

EER - estimated energy requirements | AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range

Question 42

NRV’s apply to?

Answer 42

- healthy people | - average daily intakes

Question 43

NRV’s are achieved by?

Answer 43

Consuming a variety of foods

Question 44

EAR’s are for?

Answer 44

Groups or populations

Question 45

RDI’s are for?

Answer 45

Individuals

Question 46

What is malnutrition?

Answer 46

Excess, deficiency or imbalance of energy or nutrient intake

Question 47

What is under nutrition?

Answer 47

Deficiency in energy or nutrient intake

Question 48

What is over nutrition?

Answer 48

Excess energy intake

Question 49

What are the 4 parts of a nutrition assessment?

Answer 49

- historical information - anthropometric data eg. height and weight - physical examination - laboratory tests

Question 50

What are the 6 principles of diet planning?

Answer 50

- adequacy, providing sufficient energy and essential nutrients for healthy people - balance, consuming the right proportion of food - energy control, balancing the amount of foods and energy to sustain physical activities and metabolic needs - nutrient density, measuring the nutrient content of a food relative to its energy content - moderation, providing enough but not too much of a food or nutrient - variety, eating a wide selection of foods within and among the major food groups