health midterm 1 Flashcards
(48 cards)
who is the World Health Organization
- United Nations
- founded April 7 1948
when was the first international health conference
1947
what is the “Ottawa charter”
founded in 1986 the I.H.C expanded the long time definition of health and includes health promotion
health is
an emphasis on the body
- presence or absence of illness or injury
wellness
goes beyond health
- living life to its fullest
what is the past theory on what makes us healthy and what makes us sick
the medical model
define the medical model
- focus is primarily on the person
-biological
-the person is she because they have cancer of the liver - doesn’t take into account other reasons why the person may be sick (ex; was the person exposed to a toxin)
what is the new model for why we are sick or healthy
public health model
define the public health model
- aka the ecological model
- what makes us healthy or unhealthy is a result of how we interact with our environment
-disease prevention and health promotion are the two key elements that define the model
what is another word for disease prevention
preventative medicine
what is the goal of disease prevention
the goal is to prevent illness, delay onset, or lessen the severity
what are the tree levels of disease prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
what is an example of “ter existing behaviors to reduce the likelihood that an individual at increased risk will progress to having one or more fully developed chronic diseases.”
cancer and cardiovascular screening and routine medical testing for other conditions (e.g., diabetes)
define primary prevention
any intervention that PREVENTS a disease or condition from occurring
prevent or avoid risk factors for chronic diseases
example: meningitis immunization for children
define secondary prevention
put into place early after a condition has begun AND before significant impairments have occurred
Relies on early diagnosis
prompt therapy to:
shorten the duration of the illness
reduce the severity of the illness
reduce the possibility of the disease becoming contagious
limit complications
define tertiary prevention
once the disease has developed, this level involves efforts to avoid the development of complications or secondary chronic conditions
Minimize the progression of a chronic disease once it has happened
involves rehabilitation and aggressive preventive measures
example: physical and mental rehabilitation for an individual; +/- immunization; minimizing exposure to situations where he/she may potentially come into contact with the disease / illness
define health promotion
educating people and developing skills to enable them to increase control over health, and to improve health
define sex
the biological and physiological characteristics that define men, women, and intersex peopl
define intersex
Individuals born with physical or biological sex characteristics that do not fit the traditional definitions of male or female
incomplete or unusual development of the internal reproductive organs
inconsistency between the external genitals and the internal reproductive organs
abnormalities of the sex chromosomes
define gender
how people identify themselves regardless of the sexual organs they have
define gender identity
- a persons personal, internal sense of maleness or femaleness
- may or may not correspond with sex identified at birth
define actue illness
rapid onset
short course
usually treatable / curable
example:
broken leg
appendicitis
Cold
define chronic illness
- slow onset
-long duration
-not usually treatable / curable - example
Alzheimer’s disease
arthritis
cancer
define a cohort
- a group of individuals born in the same year (1990)
or - within the same time period
