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health midterm 4 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

what are the five defining features of the Canada health act

A

universality
comprehensiveness
accessibility
publicly administered on a nonprofit basis
portability

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2
Q

define universality

A

all eligible residents; uniform terms and conditions

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3
Q

define comprehensivness

A

must insure all medically necessary services provided by hospitals and physicians

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4
Q

define accessibility

A

must provide reasonable access to insured hospital and physician services without barriers

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5
Q

define publicly administered on a non profit basis

A

health insurance plan of a province must be administered and operated on a non-profit basis by a public authority accountable to the provincial government

residents are entitled to coverage move to another province within Canada

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6
Q

what are the responsibilities of healthcare and the role of the federal government

A

ensuring access to specific groups
First Nation and Inuit communities, RCMP, Correctional Services, Armed Forces, Veterans

Health protection

Health promotion, disease prevention, and education strategies

health research through funding provided to CIHI

financial support to the provinces through transfer payments

Only regulatory body that can ensure that health care is “portable” across the country

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7
Q

what is the role of provincial governments

A

Planning

managing

Delivery

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8
Q

true or false: healthcare is free

A

false

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9
Q

what type of health care system is in Canada

A

socialized healthcare system
general government revenue

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10
Q

how is our health care system financed

A

primarily through taxation
provincial, federal, personal, corporate income taxes
There isn’t a specific “health tax”

~70% of healthcare spending in Canada is paid for with dollars in the form of premiums collected through payroll deductions

some provinces use ancillary funding methods which are nominally targeted for health care - minor role:
Sales taxes
Payroll levies
Lottery proceeds

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11
Q

how much health care insurance does an average family pay

A

$17,713 for public health care insurance in 2024

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12
Q

what does the Ontario hospital services commission do

A

created the provincial premium in response to the need for improved hospital care in Ontario

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13
Q

who did the Ontario hospital services commission consult with

A

consulting with professional bodies such as the Canadian Medical Association and then making recommendations to the provincial government based on its findings

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14
Q

what does OHIP stand for

A

Ontario hospital insurance plan

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15
Q

what funds OHIP

A

public hospitalization insurance plan funded through compulsory premiums and provincial and federal contributions

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16
Q

how many Canadians are funded by OHIP

A

provided 91% of Ontarians with coverage that included hospital care for treatment of physical illness, mental illnesses and tuberculosis

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17
Q

what does OHIP not include

A

out patient diagnostic services or treatment

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18
Q

what are the steps in the health care system

A

pre hospital
hospitals- acute care settings
hospitals- chronic care/ rehabilitation
retirement homes/ homes for the aged
long term care/ nursing homes

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19
Q

what are some examples of pre hospital settings

A

family doctor
visiting nurses
walk in clinics
out patient lab/ x ray/ ultrasound
university health services
community care programs
911

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20
Q

what is a “hospital”

A

A hospital can be a(n):
source of essential healthcare
legal entity
employer
educator
laboratory
centre for diagnostic imaging
Research facility

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21
Q

what are the types of care in hospitals in Ontario

A

acute care
pediatric
mental health
chronic and complex care
rehabilitation

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22
Q

define acute care

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A

generally involves short overnight stays for serious health problems

provide diagnostic, medical care and surgery for serious or life-threatening conditions such as a heart attack or stroke

age for admission is 18 years of age or older

23
Q

define primary acute care

Study These Flashcards
A

basic hospital care / ambulatory care / urgent care
widest scope of care
e.g., Stratford General Hospital

24
Q

define secondary acute care

Study These Flashcards
A

specialist heath care
referral from a primary care physician
the treating physician is not the first point of contact with the patient

25
define tertiary acute care
advanced medical investigation requires highly specialized skills, technology and support services e.g., London Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton General Hospital
26
define quaternary acute care
more specialized than tertiary may involve experimental medicine and/or uncommon diagnostic or surgical procedures very limited in number (none in Canada); usually a national health centre (i.e., CDC in the US)
27
define emergency care
- sub classified under acute care - purpose is to treat life- threatening medical conditions to patients of all ages - not all acute care hospitals will have emergency care
28
define pediatric care
- subclassified under acute care - delivers care to children ages 0 to 17 years old - hospitals for sick kids (Toronto) children hospital of eastern Ontario (CHEO)
29
define mental health care
primary role is to provide care for psychiatric disorders often treat chronic conditions
30
what do general hospitals psychiatric units provide
assessment, stabilization and discharge planning for individuals who experience acute, severe psychiatric-related problems
31
specialty hospitals provide
more comprehensive care to individuals with more complex needs requiring longer lengths of stay
32
what is chronic care also referred to as
complex continuing care
33
what does chronic care include
provide continuing, medically complex and specialized services to both young and old, sometimes over extended periods of time a co- payment fee is required (like nursing homes) CCC provides patients with room, board and other necesities in addition to medical care
34
define rehabilitation care
progressive, dynamic, goal-oriented and often time- limited process enables an individual with an impairment to identify and reach his/her optimal mental, physical, cognitive and/or social functional level
35
what is a key component to rehabilitation care
the clients perspective
36
what are the 2 ways into an acute care setting
- emergency department - direct admission
37
what are the two ways out of acute care settings
Discharged community (back home) chronic care / rehab care retirement home nursing home Dealth
38
what are the trademarks of emergency care departments
Continual access to services Time is of the essence Unpredictable
39
how many emergency care visits are there in Ontario per year
6 million visits per year (…and growing)
40
what are some characteristics that lead to frequent ED users
Low SES Smokers Comorbid conditions (more than one disease conditions)
41
define triage
Obtain brief history from patient rapid physical assessment including vital signs Perform first aid if necessary Determine severity ( acuity) provide CTAS level based on assessment transfer patient to another care area if necessary
42
what is canadian ED trade and acuity scales
implemented in 1998 as a means of prioritizing patients based on the acuity of their presentation
43
what types of care do paramedics provide
Primary Care Advanced Care Critical Care
44
what criteria do you need to meet to make your ambulance trip $45
If you are a resident of Ontario, AND you have a valid Ontario Health Card, AND a physician deems your ambulance service medically necessary, AND your ambulance trip originates in Ontario and ends in Ontario…
45
define overcrowding
“a situation in which the demand for emergency services exceeds the ability of a department to provide quality care within acceptable time frames”
46
overcrowding is....
Chronic problem systemic Serious health issue negative consequences
47
what are the causes of overcrowding
Lack of beds for patients admitted to the hospital Shortage of nursing staff increased complexity and acuity of patients in the ED Increase in patient volumes
48
what happens due to overcrowding
Public safety at risk prolonged pain and suffering Long waits and patient dissatisfaction Increased costs ambulance diversions / off-load delay violence Decreased physician productivity
49
what are the proposed solutions to overcrowding
Increase the capacity to provide inpatient critical care and long term care beds develop recruitment and retention initiatives for emergency physicians and nursing staff encourage a further review of ambulance service provision (i.e., not everyone has to go to the ED) Expand the scope of practice within ambulance communication centres Informatics= data gathering and tracking
50
what is the difference between retirement care homes and long term care homes
retirement homes is for people who want to maintain their independence, with light assistance long term care homes provide more extensive care and 24hr supervision
51
what is BILL 7
more beds, better care act
52
what does bill 7 allow
Bill 7 will allow hospitals to discharge ALC patients to LTC settings as they see fit….wherever that LTC setting may be
53
what is ALC
Alternate level of care (ALC) patients who are occupying a bed in a hospital but do not require the intensity of resources provided in an acute care setting historically referred to as “bed blockers”
54
what are some issues facing canadian hospitals
-long term care no beds - increased wait times - bed shortages -ED overcrowding - EMS

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