Health promotion

Question 1

WHat are the five factors influencing health?

Answer 1

Human biology: Genes
Physical environments
Social environements
Behavuour and lifestyle
Health services

Question 2

What is behaviour a product of?

Answer 2

social and psycolgical components

Question 3

What is behaviour locked into?

Answer 3

routine

Question 4

What does the black report 1982 state about lower social class death rates inequalities?

Answer 4

Black report 1982

at every stage of life those in lower social classes have highber death rates than those at the top of the social scale

Question 5

What does the black report 1982 state about children born into lower social classes?

Answer 5

they have a lower birth rate and a shorter stature

Question 6

WHat does the black report 1982 state about the major diseases and who they affect most?

Answer 6

it says all major diseases affect social classes 4 and 5 more than classes 1 and 2

Question 7

According to the WHO oral health facts what are the most common oral diseases?

Answer 7

caries and periodontal disease

Question 8

According to the WHO oral health facts what percentag eof school children worldwide have decay?

Answer 8

60-90%

Question 9

According to the WHO oral health facts what percentage of middle aged adults have severe peridontal disease?

Answer 9

5-20%

Question 10

According to the WHO oral health facts what is the incidence of oral cancer in most countires?

Answer 10

1-10/100,000

Question 11

According to the WHO oral health facts what is the incidednce of cleft lip and palate?

Answer 11

1/500-700 live births

Question 12

What are the 3 aims of health promotion?

Answer 12

Focus on tackling determinants of health
Working in partnership with agencies
use a strategic approach for POPULATION health

Question 13

WHat is the definition of health promotion? according to WHO 1984

Answer 13

the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

Question 14

What are the five approaches to health promotion?

Answer 14

Prevention
Behaviour change
Eduction
Empowerment
Social change

Question 15

How does prevention work?

Answer 15

reduces disease level by using a top down approach. ie where it is lead by health care professional

Question 16

Give an example of prevention?

Answer 16

fissure selants and fluoride advice

Question 17

WHat is the problem with prevention?

Answer 17

doesnt address the underlying cause

it is individually focussed not population

Question 18

How does behavuour change work?

Answer 18

individuals take repsonsibilty

Question 19

What methods can be emplyoyed on an individual level and population level to change behaviour?

Answer 19

one-one advice

mass media campaigns

Question 20

What is the disadvantage to behaviour change?

Answer 20

increasing someones knowledge doesnt necessarily lead to a change in behaviour

Question 21

How does education work?

Answer 21

this provides knowledge, skils and attitudes to make correct choices

Question 22

What is an advantage of using education?

Answer 22

this doesnt need a HCP and an be lay led eg smoing intervention groups

Question 23

How does empowerment work?

Answer 23

this is a bottom up approach which is community led

Question 24

What is the role of the health care prof in empowerment?

Answer 24

they act as the facilitator

Question 25

How does social change work?

Answer 25

this looks at changing physical social and economic environments

Question 26

Give an example of social change

Answer 26

water fluoridation

Question 27

T/F health promotion includes health education?

Answer 27

T | it is an umbrella term looking at interventions to promote health including health education

Question 28

Who does health promotion aim to shift responsbilty to?

Answer 28

the decsision makers to make healthy public policies *legal, fiscal, educational, organisational)

Question 29

Are public health interventions generally cost effective? reference

Answer 29

Owen et al 2011 | Yes

Question 30

which model showed how oral health related to general health?

Answer 30

the common risk factor approach Sheiham and Watt 2000

Question 31

What are the common risk factors for general health?

Answer 31

``` Diet Hygiene Smoking Alcohol Stress ```

Question 32

Which model can be used for health promotion?

Answer 32

WHO (Ottawa charter) 1986

Question 33

What does the Ottawa Charter 1986 stipulate?

Answer 33

``` 5 aspects Building healthy public policy Creating supportive environements Strengthening community action Developing personal skills Re-orientating health services ```

Question 34

what does building a healthy public policy entail? | How can this be implemented dentally?

Answer 34

encourage policy makers in governments and organisations to place health on agenda make healthy options easier options ``` fiscal policies (taxing sweets, tobacco and alchol) Legislation:Food labelling and fluoridation ```

Question 35

What does creating a supportive environment entail?

Answer 35

living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating | encourage community togertherness and to take responsibility for conservation of natural resources

Question 36

How can supportive environments be implemented dentally?

Answer 36

working with local schools and enivonrments to ensure no smoking policies and also to ensure oral hygiene taught in schools and school lunches healthy

Question 37

What does strengthening commuity action entail?

Answer 37

work through effective community action to: setting priorities making decisions plan local strategies

Question 38

Give an example of community action for dental health

Answer 38

smoking cessation support groups

Question 39

How can developing personal skills be used for OHP?

Answer 39

provision of information and health education development of individual skills coping streatgies

Question 40

WHat is meant by re-orientating health services?

Answer 40

encourage health care professsionals to look beyond clinical services and ensure health services are aimed at the pursuit of health and not just cure

Question 41

WHat are the problems with oral health promotion?

Answer 41

Long interval between preventative strategy and measurable improvements Processes of community consultation and health education and altering policies take along time Politically controversial Need to be evaluated

Question 42

What has been the effect of oral health promotion on smoking?

Answer 42

10% rise in price correlates with a 1% drop in people smoking banning advertising has showed a reduction in tobacco consumption