Screening and Oral Health Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the purpose of screening for a disease?
- detect disease at a pr-symptomatic stage to interrupt the natrual history of the disease
- detect individuals vulnerable to disease and reduce their risk
- enable informed repoductive choices
- protect public health
What is screening?
process of identifying unrecognised conditions by rapidly applied tests on a large scale
T/F screening is diagnostic
False
it needs further follow up
What are the three types of screening available?
selective screening
mass screening
oppurtunistic screening
When is selective screening used?
single diseases e.g chest x rays in coal miners
Multiphasic: antenatal exams
When is mass screening used?
single disease=cervical screening, breast cancer
multiphasic: routine check ups in people aged 75
When is oppurtunistic screening used?
this is used in people when they visit the healthcare setting and because they’ve come in, you take this opportunity to screen them then
What are the advanatges of selctive screening?
it identifies those that are at high risk of the disease and screens early for the disease.
it then allows for behaviour modifications
What are the benefits of screening in general?
preventative reduces morbidity and mortality reduces cost less radical treatment reassurance for those deemed healthy
What are some of the criteria for a screening programme to be implemented? Which committee outlines these?
UK national Screening Committee Criteria
Condition needs to be an important health problem
Natrual history of the disease needs to be well understood
Suitable test available
test should be acceptable
promgramme needs to be effective at reducing morbidity and mortality
benefits should outweigh the harm
needs to be an accepted treatment
Agree policy on who to treat
What diseases are suitable for screening?
those where ealry therapy is more succesful than late therapy
Condition has slow but progressive histpry
effects of disease are major
prevalance is high
what are the four stages to screening?
identify those at risk groups
application of the screening test
application of apprporate diagnostic tests
treat those with positive results
WHat two things should screening tests have?
high level of sensitivity and specificity
What does sensitivity refer to?
probability that the test will be positive if the disease is truly present
What does specificity refer to?
probability that the test will be negative if the disease is truly absent
False positives refers to…
sensitvitiy
false negatives refers to…
Specificity
What values can be obtained from screening tests?
positive and negative predictive values
What do positive predictive values relate to?
probability of truly having a disease when a screening test is positive
What do negative predictive values relate to?
probability of being disease free when the screeing test is negative
What three things can be screened to check oral health?
Caries
Periodontal disease
Oral cancer
How could we screen for caries?
School dental screening
What reasons are there for not screening for periodontal disease?
Not a major health effect
Difficult to measure
What would be a reason for not screening for oral cancer?
Low prevalence
Not cost effective
